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This volume summarizes recent advances in research on mesenchymal cell populations in the bone marrow. It explores how mesenchymal cells create niches for immune cells in extramedullary organs and it discusses new concepts of lympho-hematopoietic microenvironments. Readers are introduced to the fundamentals of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation to all types of blood cells, including immune cells, in the bone marrow. The book highlights how this process is supported and regulated by the individual microenvironments of stem cells, termed niches. The identity of HSC niches has been subject to longstanding debates. Recent studies identified the population of mesenchymal stem cells as the major cellular component of niches, for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their candidate developmental origin. Furthermore, candidate cellular niches for immune cells in lymph nodes and adipose and connective tissues were identified. The authors of this volume focus on shared features between those and HSPC niche cells in the bone marrow. Covering latest research results, this book serves as fascinating read for researchers and clinicians in hematology and immunology.

Medul·la òssia --- Sistema immunitari --- Sistema immunològic --- Anatomia --- Immunologia --- Cèl·lules immunocompetents --- Sistema limfàtic --- Trastorns mieloproliferatius --- Bone Marrow --- Immune System Phenomena. --- immunology. --- Immune System Concepts --- Immune System Phenomenon --- Immune System Process --- Immune System Processes --- Concept, Immune System --- Concepts, Immune System --- Immune System Concept --- Phenomena, Immune System --- Phenomenon, Immune System --- Process, Immune System --- Processes, Immune System --- Seroconversion --- Mesenchymal stem cells. --- Bone marrow. --- Bone marrow cells. --- Marrow cells --- Cells --- Marrow --- Medulla ossium --- Hematopoietic system --- Immune system --- Bone marrow stromal cells --- Marrow stromal cells --- MSCs (Mesenchymal stem cells) --- Stromal cells, Bone marrow --- Stromal cells, Marrow --- Multipotent stem cells --- Bone Marrow. --- Bone Marrow Cells. --- Mesenchymal Stem Cells. --- Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells --- Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells --- Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells --- Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells --- Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells --- Bone Marrow Stromal Cell --- Bone Marrow Stromal Cells --- Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Multipotent --- Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells --- Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell --- Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells --- Mesenchymal Stem Cell --- Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose-Derived --- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Multipotent --- Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cells --- Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells --- Stem Cells, Mesenchymal --- Wharton Jelly Cells --- Wharton's Jelly Cells --- Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell --- Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell --- Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell --- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell --- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells --- Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cell --- Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell --- Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell --- Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells --- Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells --- Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell --- Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells --- Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells --- Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Derived --- Progenitor Cell, Mesenchymal --- Progenitor Cells, Mesenchymal --- Stem Cell, Mesenchymal --- Stromal Cell, Mesenchymal --- Stromal Cells, Mesenchymal --- Wharton's Jelly Cell --- Whartons Jelly Cells --- Bone Marrow Cell --- Cell, Bone Marrow --- Cells, Bone Marrow --- Marrow Cell, Bone --- Marrow Cells, Bone --- Red Marrow --- Yellow Marrow --- Marrow, Bone --- Marrow, Red --- Marrow, Yellow --- cytology --- Immunology. --- Stem cells. --- Medicine --- Biology --- Human physiology. --- Stem Cell Biology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Human Physiology. --- Research. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Health Workforce --- Colony-forming units (Cells) --- Mother cells --- Progenitor cells --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology

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In a number of European countries (e.g., Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, Slovenia, Croatia, Poland), a portion of the pig sector is aimed at the production of traditional and certified products (e.g., PDO—Protected Designation of Origin, PGI—Protected Geographical Indication). Dry-cured ham is probably the most famous traditional pork product; however, typical pork products are produced in (and exported to) many countries worldwide. The meat used for producing these high-quality delicacies needs to be suitable for seasoning and dry-curing, and these characteristics are the result of complex interactions between the animal (breed, genotype, rearing condition, feeding regime, age and weight at slaughter, etc.) and the environment, without disregarding the importance of ethical attributes such as animal welfare and the environmental impact.This Special Issue focuses on all the innovative production strategies for pigs intended for high-quality, typical productions (in term of higher sustainability of the whole production chain, improvement of animal welfare, innovative feeding and farming techniques, reduction in environmental impact, improvement in meat and fat quality, etc.), with emphasis on PDOs, PGIs, and other recognized production schemes, and it is aimed at providing new insights for a wide range of stakeholders from different countries.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- altitude --- carcass quality --- meat quality --- amino acid --- fatty acid --- natural extract --- curing agents --- sausages --- Cinta Senese pig --- immunocastration --- entire male --- castration --- pig --- dry-cured ham --- Iberian pig --- extensive system --- low-protein diet --- carcass --- fatty-acid profile --- Liangshan pig --- traditional pig products --- swine --- Alentejano --- Bísaro --- Ribatejano --- dorsal subcutaneous fat --- pork quality --- lncIMF4 --- intramuscular preadipocyte --- differentiation --- autophagy --- aggression --- agonistic behavior --- darkness --- light --- mixing --- photoperiod --- regrouping --- skin lesions --- Sus scrofa --- Iberian pork --- quality standard --- qualitative analysis --- in-depth interviews --- adipose tissue --- plasma hormones --- lipogenic enzymes --- fatty acids --- animal welfare --- transport --- stress --- pigs --- pork --- solid-phase microextraction --- mass spectrometry --- aroma --- meat --- genetic marker --- ham processing --- ham quality

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In a number of European countries (e.g., Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, Slovenia, Croatia, Poland), a portion of the pig sector is aimed at the production of traditional and certified products (e.g., PDO—Protected Designation of Origin, PGI—Protected Geographical Indication). Dry-cured ham is probably the most famous traditional pork product; however, typical pork products are produced in (and exported to) many countries worldwide. The meat used for producing these high-quality delicacies needs to be suitable for seasoning and dry-curing, and these characteristics are the result of complex interactions between the animal (breed, genotype, rearing condition, feeding regime, age and weight at slaughter, etc.) and the environment, without disregarding the importance of ethical attributes such as animal welfare and the environmental impact.This Special Issue focuses on all the innovative production strategies for pigs intended for high-quality, typical productions (in term of higher sustainability of the whole production chain, improvement of animal welfare, innovative feeding and farming techniques, reduction in environmental impact, improvement in meat and fat quality, etc.), with emphasis on PDOs, PGIs, and other recognized production schemes, and it is aimed at providing new insights for a wide range of stakeholders from different countries.

altitude --- carcass quality --- meat quality --- amino acid --- fatty acid --- natural extract --- curing agents --- sausages --- Cinta Senese pig --- immunocastration --- entire male --- castration --- pig --- dry-cured ham --- Iberian pig --- extensive system --- low-protein diet --- carcass --- fatty-acid profile --- Liangshan pig --- traditional pig products --- swine --- Alentejano --- Bísaro --- Ribatejano --- dorsal subcutaneous fat --- pork quality --- lncIMF4 --- intramuscular preadipocyte --- differentiation --- autophagy --- aggression --- agonistic behavior --- darkness --- light --- mixing --- photoperiod --- regrouping --- skin lesions --- Sus scrofa --- Iberian pork --- quality standard --- qualitative analysis --- in-depth interviews --- adipose tissue --- plasma hormones --- lipogenic enzymes --- fatty acids --- animal welfare --- transport --- stress --- pigs --- pork --- solid-phase microextraction --- mass spectrometry --- aroma --- meat --- genetic marker --- ham processing --- ham quality

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In spite of the large volume of associated research, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) onset and recurrence remain uncertain. This may explain why the performances of thromboembolic and bleeding prediction scores in AF patients are limited. In the past few years, the concept of atrial cardiopathy has emerged as a promising lead to connect AF to stroke, heart failure, and inflammatory processes: indeed, all of the mechanisms associated with atrial remodeling and the development of atrial cardiopathy are also likely to promote the development of AF. This recent concept of atrial cardiopathy suggests that the real trigger of stroke may be an abnormal atrial substrate rather than atrial rhythm itself. In this setting, AF could be seen as a symptom of atrial cardiopathy rather than a risk factor of stroke. In the absence of validated clinical markers of atrial cardiopathy, the search for the mechanism of AF remains the cornerstone of cardioembolic stroke prevention for now.The aim of this Special Issue is to gather basic research as well as pathophysiological and epidemiological papers focused on the relationship between atrial substrates and atrial fibrillation onset, recurrence, and outcomes.

Medicine --- postoperative atrial fibrillation --- biomarkers --- coronary artery bypass grafting --- miRNA --- circRNA --- mtDNA --- SNPs --- atrial fibrillation --- acute myocardial infarction --- heart rate variability --- autonomic nervous system --- bleeding risk --- age --- left atrial appendage closure --- coronary artery disease --- prognosis --- anticoagulation --- antiplatelet therapy --- hypertension --- elderly --- prevention --- ganglionated plexi --- ablation --- dementia --- early-onset --- ischemic stroke --- risk factor --- new oral anticoagulants --- mitochondria --- cardiac remodeling --- pharmacotherapy --- electroporation --- pulsed field ablation --- cardiac --- heart --- arrhythmia --- NOAC --- VKA --- statin --- outcome --- mortality --- paroxysmal atrial fibrillation --- catheter ablation --- epicardial adipose tissue --- persistent atrial fibrillation --- posterior wall --- hybrid ablation --- convergent ablation --- atrial tachycardia --- mechanism --- spatiotemporal dispersion --- left atrial appendage occlusion --- BNP --- atrial remodeling --- atrial cardiopathy --- cardiac ablation --- irreversible electroporation

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This book contains 12 articles covering biomedicine, nutrition, and the methodology of lipidomics . These works were first published by MDPI in a Special Issue of Metabolites. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glyosylinositolphosphoceramides, cholesteryl esters, acyl-carnitines, and oxylipins are within the lipid classes accounted for studies regarding liver disease, Wilson disease, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, adipogenesis, and the role lipids play in cancer and virus infection. High-throughput lipid extraction and guidelines for lipid annotation are addressed in several papers. This book is expected to provide a comprehensive view of the diverse areas where lipidomics looms largest.

Research & information: general --- chronic kidney disease --- leptin --- fatty acids --- adipose tissue --- adipocytes --- adipogenesis --- differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) --- lipidomics --- lipidyzer --- mass spectrometry --- metabolomics --- phenotyping --- Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) --- COX --- CYP450 --- LOX --- oxylipins --- PUFAs --- UPLC-MS/MS --- copper --- Wilson’s disease --- lipidomic --- liquid chromatography --- tandem mass spectrometry --- molecular network --- dry eye disease --- hyperosmolarity --- cardiovascular disease --- heart failure --- myocardial infarction --- obesity --- diabetic cardiomyopathy --- dilated cardiomyopathy --- lipids --- odd chain lipids --- lipid profiling --- Folch --- protein precipitation --- sample preparation --- relative lipid composition (Mol%) --- atopic dermatitis --- SHARPIN-deficient mice --- flow-injection mass-spectrometry --- predictive elastic net --- immunotherapy --- cancer --- biomarkers --- metabolism --- cancer cell membranes --- fatty acid biosynthesis --- essential fatty acids --- desaturase enzymes --- fatty acid signaling --- fatty acid biomarker --- sapienic acid --- sebaleic acid --- molecular nutrition --- inflammation --- drug-induced liver injury --- biomarker --- plasma lipid profiles --- ssRNA+ virus --- membrane fusion --- lipid metabolism --- cholesterol --- sphingolipids --- phosphatidylinositol --- SARS-CoV --- glycolipidomics --- GIPC --- glycosyl inositol phospho ceramides --- Lipid Data Analyzer --- ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography --- high-resolution mass spectrometry --- LC-MS --- automated annotation