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Masowe protesty po wyborach prezydenckich 2020 roku w Białorusi unaoczniły wszystkie słabości oficjalnej machiny propagandowej. W monografii scharakteryzowano narzędzia kulturowego protestu (transparenty, muzyka, sztuka uliczna, cyfrowe formy oporu), dzięki którym obnażony został deficyt prawdy w relacjach władza-społeczeństwo. Dezawuują one i ośmieszają zarówno podejmowane przez ośrodek prezydencki wysiłki organizacyjne, jak i długoterminową strategię propagandy oficjalnej. Niezależnie od politycznego rozstrzygnięcia kryzys 2020 roku będzie miał trwałe konsekwencje polityczne, społeczne, kulturowe. Jest to ważny element budowania współczesnej tożsamości białoruskiej.
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Political corruption --- Human rights --- Democracy --- National security --- Since 1991 --- Belarus --- United States --- Belarus. --- United States. --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations
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This book is the first in English to explore both Belarus's complicated road to nationhood and to examine in detail its politics and economics since 1991, the nation's first year of true independence. Andrew Wilson focuses particular attention on Aliaksandr Lukashenka's surprising longevity as president, despite human rights abuses and involvement in yet another rigged election in December 2010.Wilson looks at Belarusian history as a series of false starts in the medieval and pre-modern periods, and at the many rival versions of Belarusian identity, culminating with the Soviet Belarusian project and the establishment of Belarus's current borders during World War II. He also addresses Belarus's on-off relationship with Russia, its simultaneous attempts to play a game of balance in the no-man's-land between Russia and the West, and how, paradoxically, Belarus is at last becoming a true nation under the rule of Europe's "last dictator."
Political culture --- Dictatorship --- History --- Lukashenko, Aleksandr, --- Belarus --- Politics and government --- History. --- Politics and government. --- Political cultureHistory.Lukashenko, Aleksandr,Belarus --- BelarusHistory. --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Culture --- Political science --- Loekasjenko, Alexandr --- Лукашенко, Александр, --- Lukashenka, Alyaksandr, --- Lukashenko, A. --- Loukachenko, Alexandre, --- Lukašenko, Aleksandr, --- Lukashenko, Alexander, --- Lukashenko, Alexander Grigoryevich, --- Lukashenko, Aleksandr Grigorʹevich, --- Lukashenka, Ali︠a︡ksandr Hryhoravich, --- Lukashenka, Aleksandr Hrygorevich, --- Лукашенко, Александр Григорьевич, --- Lukaschenko, Alexander --- Diktatur --- Лукашенко, Александр Григорьевич --- Lukashenko, Aleksandr, -- 1954-. --- Political culture -- Belarus -- History.. --- Dictatorship -- Europe -- Case studies.. --- Belarus -- History.. --- Belarus -- Politics and government.. --- Belarus -- Politics and government -- 1991-. --- Political culture - Belarus - History --- Dictatorship - Europe - Case studies --- Lukashenko, Aleksandr, - 1954 --- -Belarus - History --- Belarus - Politics and government --- Belarus - Politics and government - 1991 --- -Political culture --- Internal politics --- International relations. Foreign policy --- anno 1990-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 2010-2019 --- anno 2020-2029 --- -Belarus
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Countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have clear aspirations to strengthen civic participation and increase prosperity for all. A highly skilled and knowledgeable population is critical to achieving these goals, which makes creating and maintaining high quality and equitable education systems a vital part of regional development efforts. Results from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) show that learning outcomes in the region have generally improved, but that the improvement has not been equitable. While countries in the region are producing some of the top performing students in the world, many other students are being left behind. This report, jointly developed by OECD and UNICEF, analyses PISA data in detail to identify the strengths, challenges and unique features of education systems in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Drawing upon a rich knowledge base of education policy and practice in the region, it makes recommendations about how systems in the region can provide an excellent education for all students. This report will be of interest to regional policy-makers as well as individuals who wish to learn more about education in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Education --- Azerbaijan --- Belarus --- Bulgaria --- Croatia --- Georgia --- Kazakhstan --- Moldova, Republic of --- Romania --- Türkiye --- Ukraine
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Political corruption --- Human rights --- Democracy --- Elections --- Presidents --- National security --- Corrupt practices --- United States --- Belarus --- Foreign relations
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Political corruption --- Human rights --- Democracy --- National security --- Belarus --- United States --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations
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Die »heldenhafte Verteidigung der Brester Festung« vom Sommer 1941 gehörte in der Sowjetunion zu den zentralen Staatsmythen und zu den wichtigsten Erinnerungsorten. Hier soll der Krieg begonnen haben, hier sollen die »ersten Ziegel im Fundament des Großen Sieges« gelegt worden sein. Die Dauer der Kämpfe wurde von realen acht auf 32 Tage aufgebauscht, für Kriegsgefangene war im Narrativ kein Raum. In diesem Buch wird die Militärgeschichte des Ereignisses neu geschrieben. Dabei werden Topoi des offiziellen sowjetischen Narrativs mit Quellenbefunden kontrastiert und dessen Entstehung und Entwicklung nachgezeichnet. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem Umgang mit den in deutsche Gefangenschaft geratenen Festungsverteidigern. Schließlich werden Geschichte und Formen der Erinnerung untersucht. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Gedenkstätte »Brester Heldenfestung« mit ihren Museen.
Sowjetunion --- Militärgeschichte --- Erinnerungskultur --- Belarus' --- Propaganda --- Kriegsgefangene --- Museum --- Museumsanalyse --- Geschichtsfälschung --- Soviet Union --- military history --- Culture of Remembrance --- Belarus --- propaganda --- prisoners of war --- museum --- analysis of museums --- falsification of history --- Military history.
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The presented collective monograph aims to introduce the readers to socio-political and cultural aspects of the formation of Belarusian national identity throughout the centuries. It shows the main problems faced by the Belarusians searching for their own path of civilizational development on the borderland between the cultures of the broadly understood East and West.
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The majority of Poland's prewar Jewishpopulation managed to survive World War II and the Holocaust in the interior ofthe Soviet Union. This collection of original essays tells the story of morethan 200,000 Polish Jews and offers new insights into their experiences.
Forced migration --- Holocaust survivors --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Jewish refugees --- Jews --- Jews, Polish --- History. --- Persecutions --- History --- Relocation --- Belarus. --- Holocaust. --- Jewish history. --- Lithuania. --- Poland. --- Russia. --- Soviet Union. --- Ukraine. --- World War II. --- Yiddish. --- antisemitism. --- archives. --- communism. --- deportation. --- diaspora. --- exile. --- family. --- occupation. --- refugee movements.
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The NBRB revised in 2018 its regulation on asset classification and provisioning (the Regulation). One of the main changes was the introduction of a new definition for NPLs based on the current framework of risk groups (RGs). This definition substitutes the previous term “problem assets.” One of the intentions of the replacement is to promote international comparability by using it as a financial soundness indicator (FSI). The reported levels of this new NPLs indicator are, however, relatively low and, more important, much lower than the previous indicator, based on problem assets. The new NPL indicator levels are relatively stable, around 4 percent. The previous indicator was also stable, but the levels were more than three times higher, about 13 percent.
Money and Monetary Policy --- International Economics --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks and Banking --- Monetary Policy --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Organizations --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Monetary economics --- International institutions --- Finance --- Financial services law & regulation --- Monetary policy --- International organization --- Financial institutions --- Financial regulation and supervision --- International agencies --- Loans --- Financial risk management --- Belarus, Republic of
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