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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) currently represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Each year, more than 17.9 million people die due to CVD manifestations. To reverse these manifestations, the transplantation of secondary vessels or the use of synthetic vascular grafts represents the gold standard procedure. However, significant adverse reactions have been described in the literature regarding the use of these type of grafts. In this regard, modern therapeutic strategies focused on CVD therapeutics must be proposed and evaluated. As alternative therapies, advanced tissue engineering approaches, including decellularization procedures and the 3D additive bio-printing methods, are currently being investigated. In this Special Issue of Bioengineering, we aimed to highlight modern approaches regarding CVD. This Special Issue, entitled “Modern Approaches in Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutics: From Molecular Genetics to Tissue Engineering”, includes 5 articles. These articles are related to the efficient production of small-diameter vascular grafts, vascular graft development with 3D printing approaches, and in vitro models for the improved assessment of atherosclerosis mechanisms. The Guest Editors of this Special Issue wish to express their gratitude to all contributors for their unique and outstanding articles. Additionally, special credit is given to all reviewers for their comprehensive analysis and overall effort in improving the quality of the published articles.

Medicine --- atherosclerosis --- monocyte --- macrophage --- disease model --- collagen --- 3D cell culture --- immunomechanobiology --- small-diameter vascular grafts --- tissue engineering --- cardiovascular disease --- vascular reconstruction --- bypass surgery --- decellularization --- human umbilical arteries --- synthetic materials --- 3D and 4D printing --- thermoresponsive materials --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- repopulation --- Ki67 --- MAP kinase --- 3D bioprinting --- cell therapy --- 3D printing --- macrophages

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) currently represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Each year, more than 17.9 million people die due to CVD manifestations. To reverse these manifestations, the transplantation of secondary vessels or the use of synthetic vascular grafts represents the gold standard procedure. However, significant adverse reactions have been described in the literature regarding the use of these type of grafts. In this regard, modern therapeutic strategies focused on CVD therapeutics must be proposed and evaluated. As alternative therapies, advanced tissue engineering approaches, including decellularization procedures and the 3D additive bio-printing methods, are currently being investigated. In this Special Issue of Bioengineering, we aimed to highlight modern approaches regarding CVD. This Special Issue, entitled “Modern Approaches in Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutics: From Molecular Genetics to Tissue Engineering”, includes 5 articles. These articles are related to the efficient production of small-diameter vascular grafts, vascular graft development with 3D printing approaches, and in vitro models for the improved assessment of atherosclerosis mechanisms. The Guest Editors of this Special Issue wish to express their gratitude to all contributors for their unique and outstanding articles. Additionally, special credit is given to all reviewers for their comprehensive analysis and overall effort in improving the quality of the published articles.

Medicine --- atherosclerosis --- monocyte --- macrophage --- disease model --- collagen --- 3D cell culture --- immunomechanobiology --- small-diameter vascular grafts --- tissue engineering --- cardiovascular disease --- vascular reconstruction --- bypass surgery --- decellularization --- human umbilical arteries --- synthetic materials --- 3D and 4D printing --- thermoresponsive materials --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- repopulation --- Ki67 --- MAP kinase --- 3D bioprinting --- cell therapy --- 3D printing --- macrophages

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Mitochondria play an increasingly central role in the context of cellular physiology. These organelles possess their own genome (mtDNA), which is functionally coordinated with the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial gene expression is mediated by molecular processes (replication, transcription, translation, and assembly of respiratory chain complexes) that all take place within the mitochondria. Several aspects of mtDNA expression have already been well characterized, but many more either are under debate or have yet to be discovered. Understanding the molecular processes occurring in mitochondria also has clinical relevance. Dysfunctions affecting these important metabolic ‘hubs’ are associated with a whole range of severe disorders, known as mitochondrial diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction; however, to date, mitochondrial diseases are complex genetic disorders without any effective therapy. Current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials are aimed at mitigating clinical manifestations and slowing the disease progression to improve the quality of life of patients. The goal of the Special Issue ‘Mitochondria: from Physiology to Pathology’ published in Life (ISSN: 2075-1729) was to collect research and review articles covering the physiological and pathological aspects related to mtDNA maintenance and gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein import, organelle metabolism, and quality control.

atherosclerosis --- carotid intima-media thickness --- mitochondrial mutations --- cardiovascular risk factors --- mitochondria --- mtDNA --- cristae --- mitochondrial fission --- mitochondrial fusion --- mitochondrial diseas --- mitochondrial dynamics --- mitoenergetics --- mitosteroidogenesis --- LH --- cAMP --- Leydig cell --- mitochondrial DNA segregation --- heteroplasmy --- selective elimination --- mitophagy --- mitochondrial engineered nucleases --- kinases --- phosphorylation --- disease --- PINK1 --- Parkinson’s disease --- mitochondria homeostasis --- Cterm --- MELAS --- transmitochondrial cybrids --- aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases --- LARS2 --- mitochondrial disease --- therapeutic peptides --- FAD synthase --- FAD1 --- mitochondria localization --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- mRNA --- mitochondrial localization motif --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease

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Medicine has evolved into a high level of specialization using the very detailed imaging of organs. This has impressively solved a multitude of acute health-related problems linked to single-organ diseases. Many diseases and pathophysiological processes, however, involve more than one organ. An organ-based approach is challenging when considering disease prevention and caring for elderly patients, or those with systemic chronic diseases or multiple co-morbidities. In addition, medical imaging provides more than a pretty picture. Much of the data are now revealed by quantitating algorithms with or without artificial intelligence. This Special Issue on “Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine” includes reviews and original studies that show the strengths and weaknesses of structural and functional whole-body imaging for personalized medicine.

Medicine --- COVID-19 --- chest X-ray --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- Grad-CAM --- computed tomography --- image analysis --- osteoarthritis --- reliability --- FDG-PET/CT --- infection --- bloodstream infection --- endocarditis --- vascular graft infection --- spondylodiscitis --- cyst infection --- white blood cell scintigraphy --- total body PET/CT --- radiotracers --- artificial intelligence --- contrast media --- body composition --- large vessel vasculitis --- atherosclerosis --- imaging --- FDG-PET --- radiological imaging --- MRI --- non-contrast --- venography --- TRANCE --- QFlow --- neuroblastoma --- nuclear medicine --- radionuclide imaging --- [123I]mIBG --- [124I]mIBG --- [18F]mFBG --- [18F]FDG --- [68Ga]Ga-DOTA peptides --- [18F]F-DOPA --- [11C]mHED --- chronic limb-threatening ischemia --- peripheral arterial disease --- calcification pattern --- diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis --- risk factors --- adiposity --- intra-abdominal fat --- cardiorenal syndrome --- imaging biomarker --- tissue characterization --- cerebral aneurysm --- computational fluid dynamics --- hemodynamic --- morphological --- rupture --- n/a

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Medicine has evolved into a high level of specialization using the very detailed imaging of organs. This has impressively solved a multitude of acute health-related problems linked to single-organ diseases. Many diseases and pathophysiological processes, however, involve more than one organ. An organ-based approach is challenging when considering disease prevention and caring for elderly patients, or those with systemic chronic diseases or multiple co-morbidities. In addition, medical imaging provides more than a pretty picture. Much of the data are now revealed by quantitating algorithms with or without artificial intelligence. This Special Issue on “Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine” includes reviews and original studies that show the strengths and weaknesses of structural and functional whole-body imaging for personalized medicine.

Medicine --- COVID-19 --- chest X-ray --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- Grad-CAM --- computed tomography --- image analysis --- osteoarthritis --- reliability --- FDG-PET/CT --- infection --- bloodstream infection --- endocarditis --- vascular graft infection --- spondylodiscitis --- cyst infection --- white blood cell scintigraphy --- total body PET/CT --- radiotracers --- artificial intelligence --- contrast media --- body composition --- large vessel vasculitis --- atherosclerosis --- imaging --- FDG-PET --- radiological imaging --- MRI --- non-contrast --- venography --- TRANCE --- QFlow --- neuroblastoma --- nuclear medicine --- radionuclide imaging --- [123I]mIBG --- [124I]mIBG --- [18F]mFBG --- [18F]FDG --- [68Ga]Ga-DOTA peptides --- [18F]F-DOPA --- [11C]mHED --- chronic limb-threatening ischemia --- peripheral arterial disease --- calcification pattern --- diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis --- risk factors --- adiposity --- intra-abdominal fat --- cardiorenal syndrome --- imaging biomarker --- tissue characterization --- cerebral aneurysm --- computational fluid dynamics --- hemodynamic --- morphological --- rupture