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Why did some of the most brilliant - but often forgotten - Jewish émigre writers of the first half of the twentieth century choose to write in French as a second language, even as they faced a double exclusion as foreigners and as Jews under Vichy? Jewish writers of Eastern European origin who immigrated to France before the Second World War (including Benjamin Fondane, Romain Gary, Jean Malaquais, Irène Némirovsky, and Elsa Triolet) switched from writing in their languages of origin to writing primarily in French, even when their Frenchness was being violently denied by the state. In this manuscript, Julia Elsky argues that these Jewish émigré writers harnessed the potential multilingualism of French to express hybrid and shifting cultural, religious, and linguistic identities before and during the Occupation.

French literature --- Jewish authors --- French language --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Langue d'oïl --- Romance languages --- Authors --- Jewish authors&delete& --- History and criticism --- Language --- History --- Political aspects --- Literature and the war --- France --- E-books --- History and criticism. --- Literature and the war. --- Francophonie. --- French literature. --- Holocaust. --- Jewish writers. --- Occupied France. --- Resistance. --- Shoah. --- Vichy. --- bilingualism. --- multilingualism.