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This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.

China, People's Republic of --- Labor market --- Sex discrimination in employment --- China, People's Republic of. --- Macroeconomics. --- Economics: General. --- Women''s Studies'. --- Labor. --- Gender Studies. --- Industries: Service. --- Foreign Exchange. --- Informal Economy. --- Underground Econom. --- Economics of Gender. --- Non-labor Discrimination. --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General. --- Industry Studies: Services: General. --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General. --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition. --- Economic & financial crises & disasters. --- Economics of specific sectors. --- women & girls. --- Labour. --- income economics. --- Social discrimination & equal treatment. --- Economic growth. --- Financial crises. --- Economic sectors. --- Women. --- Gender. --- Gender inequality. --- Wages. --- Services sector. --- Labor supply. --- Currency crises. --- Informal sector. --- Economics. --- Sex discrimination. --- Labor market. --- Service industries. --- Currency crises --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economic growth --- Economic sectors --- Economics of Gender --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics --- Economics: General --- Financial crises --- Foreign Exchange --- Gender inequality --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender --- Income economics --- Industries: Service --- Industry Studies: Services: General --- Informal Economy --- Informal sector --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Labor supply --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Service industries --- Services sector --- Sex discrimination --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Underground Econom --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies

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The aim of this book is to furnish the reader with a rigorous and detailed exposition of the concept of control parametrization and time scaling transformation. It presents computational solution techniques for a special class of constrained optimal control problems as well as applications to some practical examples. The book may be considered an extension of the 1991 monograph A Unified Computational Approach Optimal Control Problems, by K.L. Teo, C.J. Goh, and K.H. Wong. This publication discusses the development of new theory and computational methods for solving various optimal control problems numerically and in a unified fashion. To keep the book accessible and uniform, it includes those results developed by the authors, their students, and their past and present collaborators. A brief review of methods that are not covered in this exposition, is also included. Knowledge gained from this book may inspire advancement of new techniques to solve complex problems that arise in the future. This book is intended as reference for researchers in mathematics, engineering, and other sciences, graduate students and practitioners who apply optimal control methods in their work. It may be appropriate reading material for a graduate level seminar or as a text for a course in optimal control.

Functional analysis --- Differential equations --- Numerical methods of optimisation --- Operational research. Game theory --- differentiaalvergelijkingen --- analyse (wiskunde) --- systeemtheorie --- wiskunde --- kansrekening --- optimalisatie

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The aim of this book is to furnish the reader with a rigorous and detailed exposition of the concept of control parametrization and time scaling transformation. It presents computational solution techniques for a special class of constrained optimal control problems as well as applications to some practical examples. The book may be considered an extension of the 1991 monograph A Unified Computational Approach Optimal Control Problems, by K.L. Teo, C.J. Goh, and K.H. Wong. This publication discusses the development of new theory and computational methods for solving various optimal control problems numerically and in a unified fashion. To keep the book accessible and uniform, it includes those results developed by the authors, their students, and their past and present collaborators. A brief review of methods that are not covered in this exposition, is also included. Knowledge gained from this book may inspire advancement of new techniques to solve complex problems that arise in the future. This book is intended as reference for researchers in mathematics, engineering, and other sciences, graduate students and practitioners who apply optimal control methods in their work. It may be appropriate reading material for a graduate level seminar or as a text for a course in optimal control.

Functional analysis --- Differential equations --- Numerical methods of optimisation --- Operational research. Game theory --- differentiaalvergelijkingen --- analyse (wiskunde) --- systeemtheorie --- wiskunde --- kansrekening --- optimalisatie --- Constrained optimization. --- Control theory --- Mathematics. --- Optimization, Constrained --- Mathematical optimization --- Dynamics --- Machine theory --- Teoria de control --- Optimització matemàtica --- Llibres electrònics --- e-books --- Llibre electrònic --- Llibres en línia --- Llibres interactius --- Llibres online --- Llibres --- Lectura sobre pantalla --- Mètodes de simulació --- Jocs d'estratègia (Matemàtica) --- Optimització combinatòria --- Programació dinàmica --- Programació (Matemàtica) --- Anàlisi de sistemes --- Control (Matemàtica) --- Control òptim --- Regulació --- Teoria de màquines --- Control automàtic --- Filtre de Kalman --- Sistemes de control biològic