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This first comprehensive socio-political BG of the Kizilbash/Alevi communities uses a recently surfaced corpus of sources generated within their milieu. It offers fresh answers to many questions concerning their origins and evolution from a revolutionary movement to an inward-looking religious order.

Qizilbash (Turkic people) --- Alevis. --- Ethnology --- Alevi-Bektashi --- Shīʻah --- Kizilbash (Turkic people) --- Qazalbash (Turkic people) --- Qazilbash (Turkic people) --- Qezelbash (Turkic people) --- Turkic peoples --- Middle East --- History. --- Ethnic relations. --- Religion. --- Muslims

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"Heritage language bilingualism refers to contexts where a minority language spoken at home is (one of) the first native language(s) of an individual who grows up and typically becomes dominant in the societal majority language. Heritage language bilinguals often wind up with grammatical systems that differ in interesting ways from dominant-native speakers growing up where their heritage language is the majority one. Understanding the trajectories and outcomes of heritage language bilingual grammatical competence, performance, language usage patterns, identities and more related topics sit at the core of many research programs across a wide array of theoretical paradigms. The study of heritage language bilingualism has grown exponentially over the past two decades. This expansion in interest has seen, in parallel, extensions in methodologies applied, bridges built between closely related fields such as the study of language contact and linguistic attrition. As is typical in linguistics, not all languages are studied to the same degree. The present volume showcases what Turkish as a heritage language brings to bear for key questions in the study of heritage language bilingualism and beyond. In many ways, Turkish is an ideal language to be studied because of its large diaspora across the world, in particular Europe. The papers in this volume are diverse: from psycholinguistic, to ethnographic, to classroom-based studies featuring Turkish as a heritage language. Together they equal more than their subparts, leading to the conclusion that understudied heritage languages like Turkish provide missing pieces to the puzzle of understanding the variables that give rise to the continuum of outcomes characteristic of heritage language speakers"--

Turkish language --- Heritage language speakers --- Heritage language learners --- Heritage speakers --- Persons --- Osmanic language --- Osmanli language --- Ottoman Turkish language (Arabic script) --- Turkic languages --- Turkic languages, Southwest --- Study and teaching --- Foreign speakers. --- Education.

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At the close of the nineteenth century, near the end of the Qing empire, Confucian revivalists from central China gained control of the Muslim-majority region of Xinjiang, or East Turkestan. There they undertook a program to transform Turkic-speaking Muslims into Chinese-speaking Confucians, seeking to bind this population and their homeland to the Chinese cultural and political realm. Instead of assimilation, divisions between communities only deepened, resulting in a profound estrangement that continues to this day.In Land of Strangers, Eric Schluessel explores this encounter between Chinese power and a Muslim society through the struggles of ordinary people in the oasis of Turpan. He follows the stories of families divided by war, women desperate to survive, children unsure where they belong, and many others to reveal the human consequences of a bloody conflict and the more insidious violence of reconstruction. Schluessel traces the emergence of new struggles around essential questions of identity, showing how religious and linguistic differences converged into ethnic labels. Reading across local archives and manuscript accounts in the Chinese and Chaghatay languages, he recasts the attempted transformation of Xinjiang as a distinctly Chinese form of colonialism. At a time when understanding the roots of the modern relationship between Uyghurs and China has taken on new urgency, Land of Strangers illuminates a crucial moment of social and cultural change in this dark period of Xinjiang’s past.

Ethnic relations. --- International relations. --- Politics and government. --- Qing Dynasty (China). --- Uighur (Turkic people) --- Uighur (Turkic people). --- History. --- 1644-1912. --- Asia, Central --- Central Asia. --- China --- China. --- Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China) --- Relations --- Colonies --- History

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At the close of the nineteenth century, near the end of the Qing empire, Confucian revivalists from central China gained control of the Muslim-majority region of Xinjiang, or East Turkestan. There they undertook a program to transform Turkic-speaking Muslims into Chinese-speaking Confucians, seeking to bind this population and their homeland to the Chinese cultural and political realm. Instead of assimilation, divisions between communities only deepened, resulting in a profound estrangement that continues to this day.In Land of Strangers, Eric Schluessel explores this encounter between Chinese power and a Muslim society through the struggles of ordinary people in the oasis of Turpan. He follows the stories of families divided by war, women desperate to survive, children unsure where they belong, and many others to reveal the human consequences of a bloody conflict and the more insidious violence of reconstruction. Schluessel traces the emergence of new struggles around essential questions of identity, showing how religious and linguistic differences converged into ethnic labels. Reading across local archives and manuscript accounts in the Chinese and Chaghatay languages, he recasts the attempted transformation of Xinjiang as a distinctly Chinese form of colonialism. At a time when understanding the roots of the modern relationship between Uyghurs and China has taken on new urgency, Land of Strangers illuminates a crucial moment of social and cultural change in this dark period of Xinjiang’s past.

Uighur (Turkic people) --- History. --- Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China) --- China --- Asia, Central --- Ethnic relations. --- Politics and government. --- Colonies --- Relations --- History

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"At the close of the nineteenth century, near the end of the Qing empire, Confucian revivalists from central China gained control of the Muslim-majority region of Xinjiang, or East Turkestan. There they undertook a program to transform Turkic-speaking Muslims into Chinese-speaking Confucians, seeking to bind this population and their homeland to the Chinese cultural and political realm. Instead of assimilation, divisions between communities only deepened, resulting in a profound estrangement that continues to this day. In Land of Strangers, Eric Schluessel explores this encounter between Chinese power and a Muslim society through the struggles of ordinary people in the oasis of Turpan. He follows the stories of families divided by war, women desperate to survive, children unsure where they belong, and many others to reveal the human consequences of a bloody conflict and the more insidious violence of reconstruction. Schluessel traces the emergence of new struggles around essential questions of identity, showing how religious and linguistic differences converged into ethnic labels. Reading across local archives and manuscript accounts in the Chinese and Chaghatay languages, he recasts the attempted transformation of Xinjiang as a distinctly Chinese form of colonialism. At a time when understanding the roots of the modern relationship between Uyghurs and China has taken on new urgency, Land of Strangers illuminates a crucial moment of social and cultural change in this dark period of Xinjiang's past" Chapter 1. The Chinese law : the origins of the civilizing project -- Chapter 2. Xinjiang as exception : the transformation of the civilizing project -- Chapter 3. Frontier mediation : the rise of the interpreters -- Chapter 4. Bad women and lost children : the sexual economy of Confucian colonialism -- Chapter 5. Recollecting bones : the Muslim uprisings as historical trauma -- Chapter 6. Historical estrangement and the end of empire.

Ethnic relations. --- International relations. --- Politics and government. --- Qing Dynasty (China). --- Uighur (Turkic people) --- Uighur (Turkic people). --- History. --- 1644-1912. --- Asia, Central --- Central Asia. --- China --- China --- China --- China --- China. --- Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China) --- Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China) --- Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China) --- Relations --- Colonies --- History --- Relations --- Ethnic relations. --- History. --- Politics and government.