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Rheology, defined as the science of deformation and flow of matter, is a multidisciplinary scientific field, covering both fundamental and applied approaches. The study of rheology includes both experimental and computational methods, which are not mutually exclusive. Its practical importance embraces many processes, from daily life, like preparing mayonnaise or spreading an ointment or shampooing, to industrial processes like polymer processing and oil extraction, among several others. Practical applications include also formulations and product development. Following a successful first volume, we are now launching this second volume to continue to present the latest advances in the fields of experimental and computational rheology applied to the most diverse classes of materials (foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, polymers and biopolymers, multiphasic systems, and composites) and processes.

graphene oxide --- polyethylene glycol --- rheological characterization --- human milk --- tube feeding --- breastfeeding --- viscosity --- complex modulus --- density --- rheological measurements --- non-viscometric geometries --- Couette analogy --- shear thinning fluids --- suspensions --- bread --- whey --- complex fluids --- experimental rheology --- breadmaking --- yield stress --- grout --- polypropylene fiber --- masonry --- consolidation --- rheology --- drop impact --- elasto-viscoplastic material --- free surface --- gravitational effects --- MRSA --- S. aureus --- antibiotics --- oxacillin --- bactericidal --- injection molding --- filling stage --- Cross-WLF model --- Tait model --- finite volume method --- openInjMoldSim --- OpenFOAM® --- Boger fluids --- circular contraction flow --- lip vortex --- pressure-drops --- vortex-enhancement --- first normal-stress difference --- swIM model --- reactive extrusion --- data-driven --- machine learning --- artificial engineering --- polymer processing --- digital twin --- n/a

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Rheology, defined as the science of deformation and flow of matter, is a multidisciplinary scientific field, covering both fundamental and applied approaches. The study of rheology includes both experimental and computational methods, which are not mutually exclusive. Its practical importance embraces many processes, from daily life, like preparing mayonnaise or spreading an ointment or shampooing, to industrial processes like polymer processing and oil extraction, among several others. Practical applications include also formulations and product development. Following a successful first volume, we are now launching this second volume to continue to present the latest advances in the fields of experimental and computational rheology applied to the most diverse classes of materials (foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, polymers and biopolymers, multiphasic systems, and composites) and processes.

History of engineering & technology --- graphene oxide --- polyethylene glycol --- rheological characterization --- human milk --- tube feeding --- breastfeeding --- viscosity --- complex modulus --- density --- rheological measurements --- non-viscometric geometries --- Couette analogy --- shear thinning fluids --- suspensions --- bread --- whey --- complex fluids --- experimental rheology --- breadmaking --- yield stress --- grout --- polypropylene fiber --- masonry --- consolidation --- rheology --- drop impact --- elasto-viscoplastic material --- free surface --- gravitational effects --- MRSA --- S. aureus --- antibiotics --- oxacillin --- bactericidal --- injection molding --- filling stage --- Cross-WLF model --- Tait model --- finite volume method --- openInjMoldSim --- OpenFOAM® --- Boger fluids --- circular contraction flow --- lip vortex --- pressure-drops --- vortex-enhancement --- first normal-stress difference --- swIM model --- reactive extrusion --- data-driven --- machine learning --- artificial engineering --- polymer processing --- digital twin --- graphene oxide --- polyethylene glycol --- rheological characterization --- human milk --- tube feeding --- breastfeeding --- viscosity --- complex modulus --- density --- rheological measurements --- non-viscometric geometries --- Couette analogy --- shear thinning fluids --- suspensions --- bread --- whey --- complex fluids --- experimental rheology --- breadmaking --- yield stress --- grout --- polypropylene fiber --- masonry --- consolidation --- rheology --- drop impact --- elasto-viscoplastic material --- free surface --- gravitational effects --- MRSA --- S. aureus --- antibiotics --- oxacillin --- bactericidal --- injection molding --- filling stage --- Cross-WLF model --- Tait model --- finite volume method --- openInjMoldSim --- OpenFOAM® --- Boger fluids --- circular contraction flow --- lip vortex --- pressure-drops --- vortex-enhancement --- first normal-stress difference --- swIM model --- reactive extrusion --- data-driven --- machine learning --- artificial engineering --- polymer processing --- digital twin

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Semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, as a viable alternative manufacturing route to those of conventional casting and forging, has not yet been fully exploited despite nearly half a century since its introduction to the metal industry. The slow pace of adopting SSM routes may be due to various reasons, including capital costs, profit margins, and, most importantly, the lack of detailed analysis of various SSM processes in open literature to confidently establish their advantages over more conventional routes. Therefore, the SSM community must disseminate their findings more effectively to generate increased confidence in SSM processes in the eyes of our industrial leaders. As such, we have embarked on the task to invite the leaders in SSM research to share their findings in a Special Issue dedicated to semi-solid processing of metals and composites. SSM processing takes advantage of both forming and shaping characteristics usually employed for liquid and solid materials. In the absence of shear forces, the semi-solid metal has similar characteristics to solids, i.e., easily transferred and shaped; by applying a defined force, the viscosity is reduced and the material flows like a liquid. These unique dual characteristics have made SSM routes attractive alternatives to conventional casting on an industrial scale. With the intention of taking full advantage of SSM characteristics, it is crucial to understand SSM processing, including topics such as solidification and structural evolution, flow behavior through modelling and rheology, new processes and process control, alloy development, and properties in general. This Special Issue focuses on the recent research and findings in the field with the aim of filling the gap between industry and academia, and to shed light on some of the fundamentals of science and technology of semi-solid processing.

7075 aluminum alloy --- thixoforming --- post-welding-heat treatment --- electron beam welding (EBW) --- nano-sized SiC particle --- wear rate --- friction coefficient --- rheoformed --- thixoformed --- semi-solid --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- wear --- corrosion --- Al–Si alloys --- rheocasting --- HPDC --- electrochemical evaluation --- rheological model --- semi-solid state --- Mg alloys --- high-temperature rheology --- rheological properties --- rheology --- semi-solid alloys --- thixotropy --- rheometer --- compression test --- viscosity --- semi-solid material --- A356 alloy --- electromagnetic stirring --- compression --- primary α-Al particle --- enclosed cooling slope channel --- ZCuSn10P1 --- microstructure refinement --- properties --- thixowelding --- thixojoining --- semisolid joining --- cold-work tool steel --- semisolid processing --- thixoformability --- Fe-rich Al-Si-Cu alloy --- 2024 aluminum matrix composites --- Al2O3 nanoparticles --- polarized light microscopy --- anodic etching --- EBSD --- grain --- globule --- Al-Si alloy --- semi-solid metal processing --- EMS --- thixocasting --- n/a --- Al-Si alloys

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This book gathers a collection of papers summarizing some of the latest developments in the thermomechanical processing of steels. The replacement of conventional rolling plus post-rolling heat treatments by integrated controlled forming and cooling strategies implies important reductions in energy consumption, increases in productivity and more compact facilities in the steel industry. The metallurgical challenges that this integration implies, though, are relevant and impressive developments that have been achieved over the last 40 years. The frequency of the development of new steel grades and processing technologies devoted to thermomechanically processed products is increasing, and their implementation is being expended to higher value added products and applications. In addition to the metallurgical peculiarities and relationships between chemical composition, process and final properties, the relevance impact of advanced characterization techniques and innovative modelling strategies provides new tools to achieve the further deployment of the TMCP technologies. The contents of the book cover low carbon microalloyed grades, ferritic stainless steels and Fe–Al–Cr alloys, medium-Mn steels, and medium carbon grades. Authors of the chapters of this "Thermomechanical Processing of Steels" book represent some of the most relevant research groups from both the steel industry and academia.

low carbon steel --- prior austenite grain boundary --- carbon segregation --- Bs temperature --- ferritic stainless steel --- plastic deformation --- dynamic strain-induced transformation --- intercritical rolling --- microalloying --- microstructure --- EBSD --- high-aluminum steel --- second phase --- phase transition --- thermodynamic calculation --- ferritic heat resistant stainless steel --- hot tensile deformation --- tensile property --- dynamic recrystallization --- flow behavior --- high Ti steels --- Nb microalloying --- recrystallization kinetics --- strain-induced precipitation --- rheological law modeling --- rolling --- microstructural and mechanical coupling --- defect reduction --- advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) --- medium-Mn steel --- phase equilibrium --- niobium-titanium microalloyed steel --- electrical resistivity --- atom probe tomography --- scanning electron microscopy --- low-carbon steel --- microalloyed --- hot torsion testing --- prior austenite --- polygonal ferrite --- bainite --- vanadium microalloying --- austenite stability --- HEXRD --- EELS --- n/a

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Polymer composites represent the platform materials of the XXI century and are an important slice of the market in the production of modern plastics. Their design is based on adding a second component to the polymer matrix to enhance its properties. Among the various possible composites, organic–inorganic hybrid materials offer advantageous performance relative to either of the non-hybrid counterparts. The dramatic improvement of physical properties, compared with pure materials, in which inorganic particles or nanoparticles are inserted into an organic polymeric matrix, could bridge the gap between ceramics and polymers. We are interested in articles that explore polymer-based hybrid systems. The Special Issue topics include the synthesis and characterization of polymeric hybrid materials—hybrid composites in electronics and energy applications; hybrid composites in space applications; the biomedical application of hybrid polymeric materials.

History of engineering & technology --- Merox process --- dimethyl disulfide --- metal phthalocyanine --- activated carbon --- sodium methylmercaptide oxidation --- composite --- polymer --- crystalline graphite powder --- transmittance property --- shape-memory polymer --- nickel powder --- protrusive chain --- shape-memory effect --- surface morphology --- poly(lactic acid) --- flax fibers --- biocomposites --- predictive analytical model --- mechanical properties --- hybrid composite --- PCL --- TiO2 --- SiO2 --- FT-IR spectroscopy --- antibacterial behavior --- thermoset --- polyester --- bio-based --- poultry feathers --- fish gelatin methacrylate --- strontium-doped calcium silicate --- bone regeneration --- cell-laden scaffold --- bioprinting --- recycling material --- adhesion --- NiTi plate --- PMMA/NiTi composites --- surface features --- semiconductor nanocrystal --- hybrid --- solar cells --- organic semiconductor --- solution processed --- surfactant --- mechanico-thermal --- nanocomposites --- magneto-rheological (MR) --- filler --- elastomer --- micro-structure --- PA6 --- montmorillonite --- flammability --- surface modification --- thermal properties --- flame retardants --- hybrid composites --- chemical engineering --- Merox process --- dimethyl disulfide --- metal phthalocyanine --- activated carbon --- sodium methylmercaptide oxidation --- composite --- polymer --- crystalline graphite powder --- transmittance property --- shape-memory polymer --- nickel powder --- protrusive chain --- shape-memory effect --- surface morphology --- poly(lactic acid) --- flax fibers --- biocomposites --- predictive analytical model --- mechanical properties --- hybrid composite --- PCL --- TiO2 --- SiO2 --- FT-IR spectroscopy --- antibacterial behavior --- thermoset --- polyester --- bio-based --- poultry feathers --- fish gelatin methacrylate --- strontium-doped calcium silicate --- bone regeneration --- cell-laden scaffold --- bioprinting --- recycling material --- adhesion --- NiTi plate --- PMMA/NiTi composites --- surface features --- semiconductor nanocrystal --- hybrid --- solar cells --- organic semiconductor --- solution processed --- surfactant --- mechanico-thermal --- nanocomposites --- magneto-rheological (MR) --- filler --- elastomer --- micro-structure --- PA6 --- montmorillonite --- flammability --- surface modification --- thermal properties --- flame retardants --- hybrid composites --- chemical engineering