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2018 marked the 40th anniversary of the landmark Warnock Report in England on special educational needs (SEN). In recognition of this anniversary we called for submissions to a new Research Topic, Warnock 40 Years On. This Research Topic is dedicated to Baroness Mary Warnock who chaired the UK government's committee whose seminal report in 1978 bears her name, and whose death was announced on 20th March 2019, as the Research Topic was being completed. Although there had been reports on some disabilities before then, the Warnock Report was the result of the first comprehensive review of the whole range of children with special educational needs. Despite its subtitle echoing previous history, namely Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the Education of Handicapped Children and Young People, its main title proposed a new dawn: Special Educational Needs. Chaired by Mary Warnock, the Committee produced a review and made a wide range of recommendations that were truly ground breaking. This was not just about terminology. Rather, the Warnock Report was responsible for changing the conceptualisation and legislative framework in England, and the Education Act 1981 that followed the report had a totally new system for assessment and determining provision. Also, the Warnock Report recommended elements that in many countries we now take for granted – but at that time were highly original. For example, the meaningful engagement of parents, including their being central partners in the assessment of SEN and in making decisions on the appropriate needs, including SEN, of individual children and young people: a greatly updated process of assessment; the inclusion of a chapter on children under five years; the role of special schools; the curriculum; the transition from school to adult life; teacher education; the roles of professionals; the health and social services and voluntary organisations; and last but not least – research. The impact of the Warnock Report 1978 for England in particular was substantial. Impact has also been seen internationally, as professional practice and state legislation have developed, not least the policy development towards integration, or as we now generally refer, inclusion. We produed this Research Topic to celebrate this 40th anniversary of the Warnock Report.

special educational needs (SEN) --- special educational needs and disability (SEND) --- parents and SEND --- special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs) --- SEN disagreement resolution --- disproportionality --- inclusion --- special education provision

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2018 marked the 40th anniversary of the landmark Warnock Report in England on special educational needs (SEN). In recognition of this anniversary we called for submissions to a new Research Topic, Warnock 40 Years On. This Research Topic is dedicated to Baroness Mary Warnock who chaired the UK government's committee whose seminal report in 1978 bears her name, and whose death was announced on 20th March 2019, as the Research Topic was being completed. Although there had been reports on some disabilities before then, the Warnock Report was the result of the first comprehensive review of the whole range of children with special educational needs. Despite its subtitle echoing previous history, namely Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the Education of Handicapped Children and Young People, its main title proposed a new dawn: Special Educational Needs. Chaired by Mary Warnock, the Committee produced a review and made a wide range of recommendations that were truly ground breaking. This was not just about terminology. Rather, the Warnock Report was responsible for changing the conceptualisation and legislative framework in England, and the Education Act 1981 that followed the report had a totally new system for assessment and determining provision. Also, the Warnock Report recommended elements that in many countries we now take for granted – but at that time were highly original. For example, the meaningful engagement of parents, including their being central partners in the assessment of SEN and in making decisions on the appropriate needs, including SEN, of individual children and young people: a greatly updated process of assessment; the inclusion of a chapter on children under five years; the role of special schools; the curriculum; the transition from school to adult life; teacher education; the roles of professionals; the health and social services and voluntary organisations; and last but not least – research. The impact of the Warnock Report 1978 for England in particular was substantial. Impact has also been seen internationally, as professional practice and state legislation have developed, not least the policy development towards integration, or as we now generally refer, inclusion. We produed this Research Topic to celebrate this 40th anniversary of the Warnock Report.

Educational strategies & policy --- special educational needs (SEN) --- special educational needs and disability (SEND) --- parents and SEND --- special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs) --- SEN disagreement resolution --- disproportionality --- inclusion --- special education provision

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Employment is key to combating poverty. Thus, detractors of social assistance programs argue that they create disincentives to work. While there is substantial evidence showing limited effects of these programs on overall labor supply, the jury is still out with respect to their impact on formal employment. This paper exploits an unannounced change in the eligibility rule of the Bolsa Familia program in Brazil, one of the oldest and largest conditional cash transfers in the world, to identify the causal impact of the program on formal employment, combining three large administrative datasets. This paper finds that the program has a positive effect on entry in formal labor market, especially for younger cohorts.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Time Allocation and Labor Supply --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Labour --- income economics --- Labor markets --- Labor supply --- Personal income --- National accounts --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Economic theory --- Income --- Brazil

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Employment is key to combating poverty. Thus, detractors of social assistance programs argue that they create disincentives to work. While there is substantial evidence showing limited effects of these programs on overall labor supply, the jury is still out with respect to their impact on formal employment. This paper exploits an unannounced change in the eligibility rule of the Bolsa Familia program in Brazil, one of the oldest and largest conditional cash transfers in the world, to identify the causal impact of the program on formal employment, combining three large administrative datasets. This paper finds that the program has a positive effect on entry in formal labor market, especially for younger cohorts.

Brazil --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Time Allocation and Labor Supply --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Labour --- income economics --- Labor markets --- Labor supply --- Personal income --- National accounts --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Economic theory --- Income --- Income economics

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Absolute poverty has dropped markedly in Bulgaria but income inequality has increased substantially in the aftermath of the GFC. This increase is due to a rise in market income inequality that was compounded by a reduction in fiscal redistribution. The redistributive role of direct taxation has declined with the introduction of a flat tax and social spending is relatively low and decreasing (as a share of GDP), is concentrated on a few social risks, and experienced a decline in its redistributive efficiency. The COVID-19 crisis is likely to deepen income inequality, increasing the room for redistributive policies.

Macroeconomics --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Redistributive Effects --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Poverty & precarity --- Income inequality --- Income --- Poverty --- Income distribution --- Fiscal redistribution --- National accounts --- Bulgaria