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This is a timely exploration of the traffic between design and activism in the context of precarity - a social and material condition brought about by the growth of temporary, informal and irregular work. The book shows how design objects and practices open up possibilities to recode and reconfigure the effects of precarity.

Social movements --- Design --- Precarious employment --- Social aspects --- Political aspects --- Activism. --- Cultural studies. --- Design activism. --- Italy. --- Labour. --- Making. --- Material culture. --- Precarity. --- Redirective practice. --- Visual culture.

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There is a growing debate on the relative merits of universal and targeted social assistance transfers in achieving income redistribution objectives. While the benefits of targeting are clear, i.e., a larger poverty impact for a given transfer budget or lower fiscal cost for a given poverty impact, in practice targeting also comes with various costs, including incentive, administrative, social and political costs. The appropriate balance between targeted and universal transfers will therefore depend on how countries decide to trade-off these costs and benefits as well as on the potential for redistribution through taxes. This paper discusses the trade-offs that arise in different country contexts and the potential for strengthening fiscal redistribution in advanced and developing countries, including through expanding transfer coverage and progressive tax financing.

Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Distribution: General --- Efficiency --- Optimal Taxation --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Poverty & precarity --- Personal income --- Income tax systems --- Fiscal redistribution --- Income inequality --- Poverty --- National accounts --- Taxes --- Income --- Income distribution --- Income tax --- United States

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There is a growing debate on the relative merits of universal and targeted social assistance transfers in achieving income redistribution objectives. While the benefits of targeting are clear, i.e., a larger poverty impact for a given transfer budget or lower fiscal cost for a given poverty impact, in practice targeting also comes with various costs, including incentive, administrative, social and political costs. The appropriate balance between targeted and universal transfers will therefore depend on how countries decide to trade-off these costs and benefits as well as on the potential for redistribution through taxes. This paper discusses the trade-offs that arise in different country contexts and the potential for strengthening fiscal redistribution in advanced and developing countries, including through expanding transfer coverage and progressive tax financing.

United States --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Distribution: General --- Efficiency --- Optimal Taxation --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Poverty & precarity --- Personal income --- Income tax systems --- Fiscal redistribution --- Income inequality --- Poverty --- National accounts --- Taxes --- Income --- Income distribution --- Income tax

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Die Frage »Wie wollen wir in Zukunft leben?« ist in aller Munde. Aber in welcher Welt leben wir eigentlich jetzt gerade? So banal es klingt: Es braucht Abstand, um das eigene Jetzt klarer sehen zu können. Gerade in Krisenzeiten kommt es darauf an, besser zu verstehen, was vor sich geht. Deshalb wiederholt die Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung - 40 Jahre nach den »Stichworten zur geistigen Situation der Zeit« - das Experiment und befragt Intellektuelle zu zentralen gesellschafts- und kulturdiagnostischen Stichworten unserer Zeit. Und was im Einzelnen assoziativ ist, wirft als Ganzes Licht auf das Unbekannte und Übersehene unserer Gesellschaft. Von A bis Z mit diesem Buch auf der Höhe der Zeit. »Das Buch [...] kann allen, die up to date sein möchten in Bezug auf gesellschaftliche Transformationsprozesse, nur zur Anschaffung empfohlen werden. Es leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Aufklärung der Gesellschaft über sich selbst.« Marcel Remme, www.lehrerbibliothek.de, 06.12.2020 Besprochen in: Berliner Zeitung, 24./25.10.2020, Arno Widmann https://austria-forum.org, 01.01.2021, Helga Maria Wolf

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Popular Culture. --- Burnout. --- City. --- Computer Game. --- Country. --- Creativity. --- Cultural Theory. --- Culture. --- Digital Transformation. --- Future. --- Gentrification. --- Humour. --- Internet. --- Neofeudalism. --- New Right. --- Political Sociology. --- Politics. --- Populism. --- Precarity. --- Progress. --- Public Sphere. --- Resonance. --- Right-wing Radicalism. --- Self-realization. --- Social Media. --- Society. --- Sociology of Culture. --- Sociology. --- Structural Change. --- Superheroes. --- Utopia. --- Youth. --- Gegenwart; Zukunft; Kreativität; Jugend; Internet; Rechtsradikalismus; Utopie; Burnout; Computerspiel; Soziale Medien; Gentrifizierung; Humor; Land; Stadt; Politik; Neofeudalismus; Öffentlichkeit; Populismus; Resonanz; Superhelden; Digitale Transformation; Fortschritt; Selbstverwirklichung; Prekarität; Neue Rechte; Strukturwandel; Gesellschaft; Kultur; Kultursoziologie; Kulturtheorie; Politische Soziologie; Soziologie; Contemporary; Future; Creativity; Youth; Right-wing Radicalism; Utopia; Computer Game; Social Media; Gentrification; Humour; Country; City; Politics; Neofeudalism; Public Sphere; Populism; Resonance; Superheroes; Digital Transformation; Progress; Self-realization; Precarity; New Right; Structural Change; Society; Culture; Sociology of Culture; Cultural Theory; Political Sociology; Sociology

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Absolute poverty has dropped markedly in Bulgaria but income inequality has increased substantially in the aftermath of the GFC. This increase is due to a rise in market income inequality that was compounded by a reduction in fiscal redistribution. The redistributive role of direct taxation has declined with the introduction of a flat tax and social spending is relatively low and decreasing (as a share of GDP), is concentrated on a few social risks, and experienced a decline in its redistributive efficiency. The COVID-19 crisis is likely to deepen income inequality, increasing the room for redistributive policies.

Macroeconomics --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Redistributive Effects --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Poverty & precarity --- Income inequality --- Income --- Poverty --- Income distribution --- Fiscal redistribution --- National accounts --- Bulgaria