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The political transition has increased the focus on social conditions and regional and rural development. Growth has been buoyed by new spending, retail credit, and oil and gas investments. Inflation has picked up, and the current account has deteriorated. Renewed fiscal consolidation is planned from 2020. Non-oil growth is expected to moderate to 4 percent (potential), as construction, fiscal stimulus, and household borrowing ease. Growth could be higher if decisive reforms drive productivity gains. The state continues to play a strong role in the economy, and the authorities face challenges ensuring that measures are well targeted and effective in promoting private sector growth. The challenges include oil volatility and dependency, reliance on subsidies and other state support, still-impaired banks, and governance vulnerabilities. The authorities are exploring ways to strengthen the fiscal framework, assessing monetary and exchange policies, undertaking a bank asset quality review (AQR), and establishing an independent financial sector regulator. Progress is being made on headline reforms, but ensuring decisive changes on the ground remains a challenge. Risks relate to oil prices and trading partner growth.

Kazakhstan, Republic of

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In Kazakhstan, over 200 public councils at national, regional and local levels provide a platform for civil society to voice its opinion on important social issues. This report analyses the legal and policy framework for stakeholder participation in Kazakhstan, and compares public councils' current practices against the requirements set out in regulations. It proposes practical recommendations to improve the legitimacy, transparency and inclusiveness of public councils in carrying out their duties. Recommendations are supported by good practices in both OECD and other countries that enable, improve and innovate stakeholder participation.

Economic development. --- Kazakhstan. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Cazaquistão --- Ha-sa-ssu-tʻan kung ho kuo --- Hasake si tan gong he guo --- Kasachstan --- Kazafusutan --- Ḳazaḥsṭan --- Kazak Respublikasy --- Kazakistan --- Kazakstan --- Qazāqistān --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakstan --- Respublika Kazakhstan --- Республика Казахстан --- Казахстан --- קזחסטן --- カザフスタン --- Kazakh S.S.R. --- E-books --- Kazachstan --- Public Administration --- Political Science

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This book explores opportunities for diversifying modern Kazakhstan's economy, which is still heavily dependent on its natural resources, as well as looking at economic opportunities for the whole Central Asian region arising from the Chinese government's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The book is comprised of four parts. Part 1 explores the first main theme of the book: development of the economy based on the resource sector with the example of Kazakhstan. Part 2 examines opportunities for diversification arising from BRI: a rise of transport and communication industries alongside the new Belt and Road economic route. Part 3 explores the view from China on the perspectives of regional development, not least the economic reasons for the launch of this programme, investments and planned effects. Part 4 discusses other internal sources for diversification of the economy in Kazakhstan based on development of local industry in the oil and gas sector, small- and medium-sized enterprises and tertiary sector of the economy. This book will be of value for students, academics, policy-makers, and practitioners focused on economic development and business in the Central Asian region, as well as those who are working on the design of instruments for economic development in their own countries. Irina Heim is a post-doctoral Fellow in Organisational Behaviour and Entrepreneurship at Henley Business School, University of Reading, UK. She also teaches a number of economics disciplines at the Department of Economics, University College London. She has published articles in international academic journals, as well as a range of contributions to academic books.

Development economics. --- Natural resources. --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- International business enterprises. --- Trade. --- Business. --- Commerce. --- Globalization. --- Development Economics. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Asian Economics. --- International Business. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Trade --- Economics --- Business --- Transportation --- Management --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Business enterprises, International --- Corporations, International --- Global corporations --- International corporations --- MNEs (International business enterprises) --- Multinational corporations --- Multinational enterprises --- Transnational corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporations --- Joint ventures --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economic development --- Economic aspects --- Economic history. --- Management. --- Kazakhstan --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Cazaquistão --- Ha-sa-ssu-tʻan kung ho kuo --- Hasake si tan gong he guo --- Kasachstan --- Kazafusutan --- Ḳazaḥsṭan --- Kazak Respublikasy --- Kazakistan --- Kazakstan --- Qazāqistān --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakstan --- Respublika Kazakhstan --- Республика Казахстан --- Казахстан --- קזחסטן --- カザフスタン --- Kazakh S.S.R. --- Kazachstan

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This book is a timely publication to address the issue of the government’s policy execution capabilities. The crux of policy execution is communication to win the hearts and minds of the people, particularly with regard to complex policies. The book is written as a work manual based on international policy communication best practices and principles, interwoven with case studies from Kazakhstan, applicable in other Central Asian countries as well. The book’s wide range of topics cover media management in a technologically-savvy society, marketing of complexity, planning successful campaigns, soft power management given the country’s aspirations for greater international standing, and forward-looking advice on crisis management and shareholder communication. This is a highly relevant book for the civil service, civic organisations, commercial entities, policy researchers, and international organisations working in or planning to work in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries. Basskaran Nair, visiting professor at Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, is the author of Marketing Public Policy: Complexity, Hurts and Minefields (2018). Saltanat Janenova, with a Ph.D. from the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, has published widely on public sector reforms in Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries. Balzhan Serikbayeva has worked for ten years in public service in Kazakhstan. .

Communication in politics. --- Political communication --- Political science --- Kazakhstan --- Politics and government. --- Russia—Politics and government. --- Public policy. --- Economic policy. --- Russian and Post-Soviet Politics. --- Public Policy. --- Development Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy

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The sustainable development of our planet depends on the use of energy. The growing population of the world inevitably causes an increase in the demand for energy, which, on the one hand, threatens the potential for shortages of energy supply, and, on the other hand, causes the deterioration of the environment.Therefore, our task is to reduce this demand through different innovative solutions (i.e., both technological and social). Social marketing and economic policies can also play a role in affecting the behavior of households and companies, by causing behavioral change oriented to energy stewardship, and an overall switch to renewable energy resources. This book provides a platform for the exchange of a wide range of ideas, which, ultimately, would facilitate the driving of societies to long-term energy efficiency.

renewable energy sources --- electricity --- GDP per capita --- business risks --- gas trading companies --- liberalized energy market --- analytical hierarchy process (AHP) --- sustainable development --- renewable energy --- greenhouse gas emissions --- green investments --- energy security --- pro-environmental behavior --- energy usage --- military energy behavior --- behavioral change --- COM-B --- collective behavior --- conscripts --- professional soldiers --- low-cost carrier --- development --- airline industry --- airline issues --- transport industry --- industry growth --- costs --- energy management --- energy efficiency --- Kazakhstan --- energy consumption --- European Union --- R&amp --- D investment --- financially sustainable performance --- executive incentive --- endogenous relationship --- energy enterprises