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Pregnancy is a viewed as a window to future health. With the birth of the developmental origins of human adult disease hypothesis, research and clinical practice has turned its attention to the influence of maternal factors such as health and lifestyle surrounding pregnancy as a means to understand and prevent the inter-generational inheritance of chronic disease susceptibility. Outcomes during pregnancy have long-lasting impacts on both women on children. Moreover, nutrition early in life can influence growth and the establishment of lifelong eating habits and behaviors. This Special Issue on “Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health” is intended to highlight new epidemiological, mechanistic and interventional studies that investigate maternal nutrition around the pregnancy period on maternal and infant outcomes. Submissions may include original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

education --- 6?-sialyllactose --- milk composition --- growth chart --- overweight and obesity --- body composition --- pregnant women --- prenatal intervention --- thermal control --- slow digesting carbohydrates --- postpartum --- vitamin B12 --- micronutrients --- passive immunization --- antibodies --- physiological body-weight loss --- obesity --- proteolysis --- energy --- infant formula --- adolescents --- pregnancy --- gestational weight gain intervention --- randomized clinical trial --- food photography --- metabolic rate --- infancy --- micronutrient deficiency --- restraint --- folate --- nutrition --- lactation --- basal maintenance expenditure --- milk oligosaccharides --- maternal nutrition --- disinhibition --- weight retention --- DNA sequencing --- neuroplasticity --- generalized linear models --- metabolic flexibility --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease --- prematurity --- full breastfeeding --- food cravings --- transcriptome --- maternal diet quality --- Healthy Eating Index --- human milk --- gestational weight gain --- energy expenditure --- lifestyle intervention --- RDA --- immunological properties --- mindful eating --- insulin-resistant pregnancy --- nutritional intervention --- DNA methylation --- neurobiology --- total sugars --- fetal growth --- overweight --- fetal development --- energy intake --- hippocampus --- race --- maternal obesity --- early programming --- uncontrolled and emotional eating --- breast milk --- health --- hepatic lipogenesis --- eating behavior --- physical activity --- Pregnancy --- meal replacements --- premature delivery --- sialic acid --- diet quality --- cognitive development --- iron --- growth --- breastfeeding

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Cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and natiuretic peptides have made a great impact on clinical decision making as well as improving our understanding of molecular mechanisms of different disease conditions. However, the biomarkers that are currently in use do not reflect all the multiple disease pathways that are involved in a broad spectrum of cardiac disease conditions ranging from acute coronary syndrome, to heart failure (and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF), to pulmonary hypertension or arrhythmias. In this Special Issue, we will provide an overview of the current developments in the field of biomarker research, beginning with research on molecular pathways and cellular communication (e.g., microRNA) up to the clinical use of biomarkers.

Medicine --- diet quality --- ceramides --- obesity --- cardiovascular risk --- healthy eating index --- carbohydrate antigen-125 --- heart failure --- inflammatory marker --- older women --- biomarker --- cardiometabolic disease --- epicardial adipose tissue --- epicardial fat --- epicardial fat volume --- microRNA --- thyroid-stimulating hormone --- cardiometabolic risks --- metabolic syndrome --- hypertension --- very low-density lipoprotein --- STIM1 --- SOCE --- atrial myopathy --- atrial fibrillation --- ejection fraction --- soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) --- growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) --- heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) --- soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) --- acute myocardial infarction --- biomarkers --- catestatin --- coronary artery disease --- heart failure decompensation --- left ventricular ejection fraction --- troponin --- NT-proBNP --- NYHA functional class --- GDF-15 --- cardiovascular surgery --- operative risk --- muscle wasting --- sarcopenia --- renal dysfunction --- chronic kidney disease --- aortic disease --- aneurysm --- miRNA --- TGF-β pathway --- KLF4 --- synthetic phenotype --- aortic regurgitation --- echocardiography --- magnetic resonance imaging --- vena contracta area --- longitudinal strain --- T1 mapping --- GDF8 --- myostatin --- AMI --- ceruloplasmin --- H-FABP --- heart-type fatty acid-binding protein --- FABP3 --- fatty acid-binding protein 3 --- HF --- cardiac biomarkers --- cardiac magnetic resonance imaging --- left ventricular systolic function --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- myocardial triglyceride content --- cell adhesion molecule --- repeated measurements --- pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A --- cohort studies --- cardiovascular diseases --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- circulating cells --- PBMCS --- platelets --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) --- herat failure --- liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein --- long-term outcomes --- cardiac intensive care units --- acute kidney injury --- myocardial infarction --- STEMI --- cardiovascular events --- cardiovascular death --- risk stratification --- sST2 --- Pentraxin-3 --- sudden cardiac death --- ventricular arrhythmia --- ventricular tachycardia --- chronic heart failure --- saliva --- salivary biomarkers --- CKD --- CVD --- PPCI --- left ventricular adverse remodelling --- circulating miRNAs --- NAFLD --- Framingham risk score --- risk prediction --- secondary prevention --- primary prevention --- NAFLD fibrosis score --- HFpEF --- HFrEF --- suPAR