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Forests and forestry --- Forest conservation --- Grasslands --- Grassland restoration

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Agricultural subsidies --- Grassland conservation --- Grasslands --- Conservation Reserve Program (U.S.)

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Alors que les pelouses et prairies d'intérêt biologique comptent parmi les habitats protégés les plus menacés d'Europe tempérée, l'activité extractive offre des possibilités inattendues pour promouvoir ces écosystèmes. Au sein des carrières, des actions de restauration écologique tentent de reconstituer ces écosystèmes en danger. Notre étude s'est intéressée à la restauration passive de ces habitats par le biais de la recolonisation spontanée dans les carrières calcaires du sud de la Belgique. Cette étude vise également à soutenir le projet "Life in Quarries". Dix-sept remblais de terres de découvertures limoneuses spontanément recolonisés ont fait l'objet d'inventaires phytosociologiques et d'analyses de variables environnementales pour identifier (1) les facteurs expliquant la composition floristique des successions spontanées; (2) la diversité des communautés qui les composent et leurs principales caractéristique; et (3) le lien entre ces communautés spontanées et les écosystèmes de référence (prairies de fauche et pelouses calcaires). Une Analyse Canonique des Correspondances (CCA) menée sur les variables environnementales a permis d'identifier les facteurs contribuant le plus à la variation floristique et une analyse multivariée (nMDS à 2 dimensions) sur les abondances a permis d'identifier six communautés et de les relier aux écosystèmes de référence. Parmi les variables environnementales étudiées, l'effet site suivi de l'âge des successions, de la texture et de la pente du sol expliquent au mieux les variations de composition floristique. Une communauté s'apparente aux prairies de fauche et d'autres sont proches des prairies de fauche et des pelouses mésophiles. La recolonisation spontanée des remblais de terres limoneuses de découvertures en carrières calcaires révèle ainsi un réel potentiel pour la conservation d'habitats d'intérêt biologique. While conservation valuable grasslands and meadows are among the most endangered protected habitats in temperate Europe, extractive activity offers unexpected opportunities to promote these ecosystems. Within quarries, ecological restoration actions attempt to restore these endangered ecosystems. Our study focused on the passive restoration of these habitats through spontaneous recolonization in limestone quarries in southern Belgium. It also aims to support the "Life in Quarries" project. Seventeen spontaneously recolonized silty spoil heaps were subjected to phytosociological inventories and analysis of environmental variables. We investigated, through phytosociological relevés and environmental variables analysis, (1) the environmental factors driving floristic composition of spontaneous successions; (2) the diversity of the communities and their main characteristics; and (3) the similarity between these spontaneous communities and reference ecosystems such as hay meadows and calcareous grasslands. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of environmental variables identified the most contributive factors to the floristic variation. A multivariate analysis (two dimensional nMDS ordination) of vegetation abundances helped identify six communities and linking them to the reference ecosystems. Within studied environmental factors, site effect followed by the age of the successions, soil texture and slope best explained variations in floristic composition. One community contained hay meadows while other communities shared common features with hay meadows and mesophilous grasslands. The spontaneous recolonizations of silty spoil heaps in limestone quarries thus reveal a true potential for the conservation of habitats of concern.

recolonisation spontanée --- restauration passive --- prairie de fauche --- terre de découverture --- pelouse calcaire --- Life in Quarries --- spontaneous recolonization --- passive restoration --- spoil heaps --- hay meadow --- calcareous grassland --- Life in Quarries --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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This book provides a comprehensive overview of grassland ecosystems based on publications by Chinese scholars. It offers an up-to-date review of the recent advances in grassland research in China, discusses the climatic and physical conditions governing the grasslands, describes their types and distribution, and introduces a new classification scheme for grassland ecosystems. Further, it details the plant, animal, and microbial compositions of each grassland ecosystem type, examining the above and below ground relationships between phytomass, vegetation succession, and past/current management practices with a particular focus on the steppes in China. It also includes references that are only available in the Chinese language. This scientifically rigorous book offers insights into knowledge gaps for the scientific community and identifies pressing issues facing practitioners of grassland ecology and management. It can be used as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in ecology, environmental science, natural resource management, agriculture, and other relevant fields, and is also a valuable reference resource for researchers studying drylands in China or around the globe.

Ecosystems. --- Ecology . --- Animal ecology. --- Plant ecology. --- Biodiversity. --- Terrestial Ecology. --- Animal Ecology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Botany --- Phytoecology --- Plants --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology --- Animals --- Zoology --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Floristic ecology --- Biotic communities. --- Ecology. --- Grassland ecology --- Grasslands

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Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.

social capital --- Cambodia --- forest and water policy --- land use and land cover change --- shrubland --- “Forests to Faucets” --- precipitation gradient --- forest ecosystem management --- afforestation --- connectivity --- land use change --- forest operations --- Chile --- catchment management --- forest plantation --- climate change --- compound wildfire-water risk --- native forest --- hydrology --- wetland --- streamside native buffer --- sustainability --- participatory monitoring --- hydrological modeling --- timber harvesting --- water quality --- native forests --- source water protection --- global change --- forest hydrology --- community drinking-water --- SDGs --- drinking-water security --- Oregon --- forest --- aquatic-riparian ecosystems --- NDC --- heat: moisture index --- watershed management --- load --- Rhyacotriton --- ecohydrology --- nutrient concentrations --- multi-criteria analysis --- Loess Plateau --- dissolved organic matter --- US Pacific Northwest --- soil moisture --- agricultural lands --- water management --- water provision --- water supply --- forests --- post-fire hydrology --- grassland --- forest plantations --- restoration strategy --- riparian buffer zones --- Mekong --- riparian vegetation --- density management harvest --- SWAT model --- forest watersheds --- water governance --- Nenjiang River --- forestry --- ecosystem services