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Springs --- Groundwater flow --- Evapotranspiration --- Plants --- Absorption of water

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Pharmacokinetics --- Simulation methods. --- Drug Kinetics --- Kinetics, Drug --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Drug kinetics --- Drugs --- Kinetics, Drugs --- Chemical kinetics --- Pharmacology --- pharmacokinetics --- Kinetics --- Metabolism --- ADME --- ADME-Tox --- ADMET --- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Toxicology --- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination --- LADMER --- Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Response

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Spectrum analysis. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative

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Metabolites. --- Biochemical markers. --- Biomarkers, Pharmacological. --- Pharmacokinetics. --- Biologic markers --- Biological markers --- Biomarkers --- Markers, Biochemical --- Biochemistry --- Indicators (Biology) --- Secondary metabolites --- Biomolecules --- Biological products --- Chemical ecology --- ADME --- ADME-Tox --- ADMET --- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Toxicology --- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination --- Drug Kinetics --- Kinetics, Drug --- LADMER --- Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Response --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Drug Dosing Biomarkers --- Drug Response Biomarkers --- Drug Safety Biomarkers --- Biological Markers, Pharmacological --- Drug Dosing Biomarker --- Biomarker, Drug Dosing --- Biomarkers, Drug Dosing --- Biomarkers, Drug Response --- Biomarkers, Drug Safety --- Dosing Biomarker, Drug --- Dosing Biomarkers, Drug --- Markers, Pharmacological Biological --- Pharmacological Biological Markers --- Pharmacological Biomarkers --- Response Biomarkers, Drug --- Safety Biomarkers, Drug --- pharmacokinetics

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Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.

chitosan --- intestinal epithelial cells --- ocular delivery --- amphiphilic polymers --- cornea --- tight junction modulator --- cyclodextrin --- permeability --- gemini surfactant --- transferrin --- compound 48/80 --- epithelial permeability --- cervicovaginal tumors --- nanoparticles --- confocal laser scanning microscopy --- safety --- formulation --- salcaprozate sodium --- intestinal absorption --- FITC-dextran --- curcumin --- block copolymers --- nasal vaccination --- whole leaf --- brush border --- ocular drug delivery --- vaccine adjuvant --- nanoparticle --- nasal delivery --- efflux --- permeation enhancers --- absorption enhancers --- nose to brain delivery --- small intestine --- epithelium --- CNS disorders --- absorption modifying excipients --- insulin --- absorption enhancer --- gel --- intestinal delivery --- thermogel system --- Caco-2 --- biocompatibility studies --- absorption enhancement --- man --- PN159 --- poorly absorbed drug --- tryptophan --- tight junction --- oral macromolecule delivery --- penetration enhancer --- intestinal permeation enhancers --- nanocrystals --- simvastatin --- nanomedicine --- enterocyte --- N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) --- cell-penetrating peptide --- quaternization --- KLAL --- nasal --- nasal permeability --- transmucosal drug delivery --- Caco-2 cells --- mast cell activator --- penetration enhancers --- drug delivery --- nose-to-brain --- bioenhancer --- polymeric micelles --- mucoadhesion --- cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) --- simulated intestinal fluid --- vaginal delivery --- nasal formulation --- pharmacokinetic interaction --- sodium caprate --- clinical trial --- transmucosal permeation --- drug absorption enhancer --- sugar-based surfactants --- nanocapsules --- imatinib --- teriparatide --- osteoporosis --- hydrophobization --- F-actin --- combined microsphere --- transepithelial electrical resistance --- oral delivery --- ocular conditions --- metabolism --- antimicrobial peptide --- permeation enhancer --- drug administration --- antiepileptic drug --- amino acid --- in vivo studies --- sodium cholate (NaC) --- epithelial transport --- preclinical --- nose to brain transport --- pharmacokinetics --- chitosan derivatives --- ophthalmology --- tight junctions --- sheep --- cationic functionalization --- GLP-1 --- pulmonary --- and liposome --- cytochrome P450 --- claudin --- P-glycoprotein --- in situ hydrogel --- mucoadhesiveness --- PTH 1-34 --- Aloe vera --- oral peptides