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Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health. Moulds naturally present in foods can produce mycotoxins and contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions of temperature, relative humidity, pH, and nutrient availability. Mycotoxins are, in general, stable molecules that are difficult to remove from foods once they have been produced. Therefore, the prevention of mycotoxin contamination is one of the main goals of the agriculture and food industries. Chemical control or decontamination techniques may be quite efficient; however, the more sustainable and restricted use of fungicides, the lack of efficiency in some foods, and the consumer demand for chemical-residue-free foods require new approaches to control this hazard. Therefore, food safety demands continued research efforts for exploring new strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. This Special Issue contains original contributions and reviews that advance the knowledge about the most current promising approaches to minimize mycotoxin contamination, including biological control agents, phytochemical antifungal compounds, enzyme detoxification, and the use of novel technologies.

n/a --- decontamination --- superheated steam --- quercetin glycosides --- antagonism --- mode of action --- corn --- Botrytis sp. --- AITC --- binding --- degradation --- brine shrimp bioassay --- apple pomace --- nanoparticles --- enzymatic detoxification --- Bacillus --- estrogen response element --- Fusarium --- biological detoxification --- abiotic factors --- stability --- fumonisin esterase FumD --- mycotoxigenic fungi --- Aspergillus flavus --- Aflatoxin M1 --- Fusarium graminearum --- milk --- Penicillium digitatum --- biocontrol agents --- biological control --- dry-cured ham --- mycotoxin reduction --- Fusarium sp. --- enzyme kinetics --- Penicillium nordicum --- Satureja montana --- roasted coffee --- fermentation --- crisp biscuit --- detoxification --- essential oils --- gene expression --- probiotics --- zearalenone --- mycotoxins --- degradation products --- Geothrichum citri-aurantii --- garlic-derived extracts --- Zearalenone --- biodegradation --- EU limits --- storage --- Origanum virens --- aflatoxin --- fungal growth reduction --- green chemistry --- Penicillium italicum --- deoxynivalenol --- ?-Fe2O3 --- ochratoxin A (OTA) --- wheat --- cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae --- photocatalysis --- wheat quality --- post-harvest phytopathogen --- cold plasma --- pinnatifidanoside D --- ochratoxin A --- oats --- cell proliferation --- estrogen receptor --- Penicillium verrucosum --- pig production performance --- phloridzin --- maize --- biotransformation --- fumonisin --- fungi

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Mycotoxins represent a significant issue for the feed industry and the safety of the feed supply chain, with an impact on human health, animal health and production, economies, and international trade. The globalization of the trade in agricultural commodities and the lack of legislative harmonization have contributed significantly to the discussion about the awareness of mycotoxins entering the feed/food supply chain. The feed industry is a sustainable outlet for food processing industries, converting byproducts into high-quality animal feed. Mycotoxin occurrence in food byproducts from different technological processes is a worldwide topic of interest for the feed industry, aiming to increase the marketability and acceptance of these products as feed ingredients and include them safely in the feed supply chain. Since mycotoxin contamination cannot be completely prevented pre- or post-harvest, the modern feed industry needs new tools for monitoring and managing the risk of mycotoxins and strategies to prevent and reduce mycotoxins in compound feed manufacturing. The aim of this Special Issue book was to bring together a collection of valuable articles with innovative ideas for a sustainable and competitive feed industry.

mycotoxins --- biomarkers --- urine --- UPLC-MS/MS --- intake --- feed --- grain --- monitoring --- pet food --- HRMS-orbitrap --- co-occurrence --- retrospective screening --- Alphitobius diaperinus --- Hermetia illucens --- edible insects --- mycotoxin --- uptake --- excretion --- feed safety --- essential oils --- ecophysiology --- aflatoxins --- zearalenone --- clay --- purified --- calcined --- adsorption --- pH --- reduction --- grain cleaning --- thermal processing --- chemicals --- adsorbents --- prevention --- reduction strategies --- animal feed --- mycotoxin binders --- aflatoxin --- biomarker --- dairy cows --- durian peel --- agricultural by-products --- biosorption --- gastrointestinal digestion model --- decontamination --- equilibrium isotherms --- in-vitro cell culture --- toxicity assessment and mitigation --- n/a

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Mycotoxins are considered the most frequently occurring natural contaminants in human and animal diets. Considering their potential toxic and carcinogenic effects, mycotoxin exposure assessment has particular importance in the context of health risk assessment. The magnitude of a given exposure allows the derivation of the associated risk and the potential for the establishment of a disease. Although food ingestion is considered a major route of human exposure to mycotoxins, other contexts may also result in exposure, such as specific occupational environments where exposure to organic dust also occurs due to the handling of organic materials. Animals could be exposed to mycotoxins through consumption of contaminated feed, subsequently entering in the food chain and thus constituting a source of exposure to humans. Human biomonitoring is considered a new frontier for the establishment of the human internal exposure to mycotoxins. Although several studies have summarized the potential outcomes associated with mycotoxin exposure, major gaps in data remain in recognizing the mycotoxins that are the cause of diseases. This book contributes provides research that supports the anticipation of potential consequences of the exposure of humans and animals to mycotoxins, future risk assessments, and the establishment of preventive measures.

metagenomic sequencing --- total diet study --- risk assessment --- n/a --- lipids --- Poultry --- fumonisin B1 --- triiodothyronine --- Transcriptome --- Kashin-Beck disease --- phospholipids --- intestinal microbiome --- mycotoxin binding --- pre-pubertal gilts --- children --- Fusarium mycotoxins co-contamination --- food consumption --- urinary biomarkers --- mitigation --- Aflatoxin M1 --- HPLC analysis --- absorption --- liver --- Cecum --- limit of detection --- Cecal Tonsil --- yeast cell wall extracts --- modelling --- swine production --- Turkey --- Fab’ --- fumonisins --- blood serum --- broilers --- affinity --- microbiota --- asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- biomonitoring --- zearalenone --- doses --- mycotoxins --- clinical chemistry --- histopathology --- HT-2 toxin --- occupational exposure --- Vietnam --- aflatoxin B1 --- piglet --- cytotoxicity --- public health --- ochratoxin A --- oxidation --- T-2 toxin --- RNAseq --- intestinal mycobiome --- optical biosensors --- modified HSCAS --- lab-on-chip --- Lactobacillus casei Shirota --- mycotoxins mixture --- feed prevalence and safety --- Aflatoxin B1 --- Alloprevotella --- Fab' --- asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer

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It has been over 200 years since Fusarium pathogens were described for the first time, and they are still in the spotlight of researchers worldwide, mostly due to the mycotoxigenic abilities and the subsequent introduction of harmful metabolites into the food chain. The accelerating climatic changes are resulting in pathogen population and chemotype shifts all around the world, thus increasing the demand for continuous studies of factors that affect the virulence, disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation in plant tissues. This Special Issue summarizes recent advances in the field of Fusarium genetics, biology and toxicology.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- Fusarium head blight --- Fusarium species --- soil minerals --- mycotoxins --- organic farming --- sowing value --- winter wheat --- Maize --- Fusarium --- monitoring --- forage --- silage --- maize ear rot --- nivalenol --- fumonisins --- flax --- Fusarium oxysporum --- pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains --- sensitization --- DNA methylation --- PR genes --- ear rot --- maize --- FUM1 --- pathogenicity --- virulence --- Fusarium graminearum --- next-generation sequencing --- proteomics --- photobiology --- transcription factor --- White collar complex --- Fusarium asiaticum --- colonization --- endophyte --- Fo47 --- wilt disease --- fusarium --- LC-MS/MS --- mycotoxin --- occurrence --- wheat --- trichothecene --- NF-κB --- intestinal inflammation --- combinatory effects --- food safety --- resistance expression --- aggressiveness --- F. graminearum --- F. culmorum --- isolate effect --- disease index --- Fusarium-damaged kernel --- deoxynivalenol --- susceptibility window --- inoculation time and FHB response --- keratomycosis --- onychomycosis --- horizontal cross-kingdom --- disease index (DI) --- fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) --- deoxynivalenol (DON) --- host-pathogen relations --- phenotyping FHB --- Cereals --- silo --- fungi --- modelling --- 3D colonisation --- respiration --- ergosterol --- zearalenone --- trichothecenes. --- Fusarium head blight --- Fusarium species --- soil minerals --- mycotoxins --- organic farming --- sowing value --- winter wheat --- Maize --- Fusarium --- monitoring --- forage --- silage --- maize ear rot --- nivalenol --- fumonisins --- flax --- Fusarium oxysporum --- pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains --- sensitization --- DNA methylation --- PR genes --- ear rot --- maize --- FUM1 --- pathogenicity --- virulence --- Fusarium graminearum --- next-generation sequencing --- proteomics --- photobiology --- transcription factor --- White collar complex --- Fusarium asiaticum --- colonization --- endophyte --- Fo47 --- wilt disease --- fusarium --- LC-MS/MS --- mycotoxin --- occurrence --- wheat --- trichothecene --- NF-κB --- intestinal inflammation --- combinatory effects --- food safety --- resistance expression --- aggressiveness --- F. graminearum --- F. culmorum --- isolate effect --- disease index --- Fusarium-damaged kernel --- deoxynivalenol --- susceptibility window --- inoculation time and FHB response --- keratomycosis --- onychomycosis --- horizontal cross-kingdom --- disease index (DI) --- fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) --- deoxynivalenol (DON) --- host-pathogen relations --- phenotyping FHB --- Cereals --- silo --- fungi --- modelling --- 3D colonisation --- respiration --- ergosterol --- zearalenone --- trichothecenes.