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Lifting Legal Barriers to Women's Employment in Azerbaijan.
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

This report: (i) explains economic and legal implications of current job restrictions to women for Azerbaijan, (ii) provides compelling arguments to move away from a job-title centric form of restricting and protecting women to an exposure focused rationale, and provides other country examples that follow an exposure-focused risk approach, (iii) describes the methodology used to assess OH hazards/risks attributed to each job restricted to women, critically reviews restricted jobs and provides resultant conclusions, and (iv) recommends changes to reform Labor Code and subsidiary legislation to align them with other national legislation, international conventions and good international practice. Importantly, the report provides suggestions on how to address the ramifications resulting from these changes. It is of note that this assessment is first of its kind for Azerbaijan to systematically and methodologically review job restrictions to women from a perspective of occupational health hazards and risks using available evidence.


Book
What Aspects Of Formality Do Workers Value? : Evidence From A Choice Experiment In Bangladesh
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This study uses a choice experiment among 2,000 workers in Bangladesh to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for job attributes: a contract, termination notice, working hours, paid leave, and a pension fund. Using a stated preference method allows calculation of WTP for benefits in this setting, despite the lack of data on worker transitions, and the fact that many workers are self-employed, which makes it difficult to use revealed preference methods. Workers highly value job stability: the average worker would be willing to forego a 27 percent increase in income to obtain a 1-year contract (relative to no contract), or to forego a 12 percent increase to obtain thirty days of termination notice. There is substantial heterogeneity in WTP by type of employment and gender: women value shorter working hours more than men, while government workers place a higher value on contracts than do private sector employees.


Book
Managing Risk and Facilitating Trade in the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Maintaining trade flows as much as possible during the COVID-19 pandemic will be crucial in providing access to essential food and medical items and in limiting negative impacts on jobs and poverty. Some countries are closing border crossings and implementing protectionist measures such as restricting exports of critical medical supplies. Although these measures may in the short-term provide some immediate reduction in the spread of the disease, in the medium term they may undermine health protection, as countries lose access to essential products to fight the pandemic. Instead, governments should refrain from introducing new barriers to trade and consider removing import tariffs and other taxes at the border on critical medical equipment and products, including food, to support the health response. Trade facilitation measures can contribute to the response to the crisis by expediting the movement, release, and clearance of goods, including goods in transit. The World Bank Group provides guidance and technical assistance to developing and least developed countries to implement best practices to facilitate the free flow of goods. This note provides initial guidance on measures: to support business continuity and protection of front-line officers, and to facilitate safe cross-border trade, which includes (i) handling of relief/emergency consignments, (ii) enhanced use of risk management, safe processing of risk passengers and (iii) increased internal and external border agency collaboration.


Book
When Face-To-Face Interactions Become an Occupational Hazard : Jobs in the Time of COVID-19
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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There is a crisis of demand brewing around the globe as social distancing becomes the norm to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. So, which parts of the economy are most in the line of fire? Looking at jobs that can be done at home or that require a high degree of face-to-face interactions with consumers can capture complementary but distinct mechanisms to assess this vulnerability. This paper uses data on 900 job titles from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database for the United States to demonstrate that there is substantial heterogeneity in vulnerability across industries, income groups, and gender. First, industries vary in whether they emphasize face-to-face interactions and home-based work and the two do not always go hand-in-hand. Second, occupations that are less amenable to home-based work are largely concentrated among the lower wage deciles. Third, a larger share of women's employment is accounted for by occupations that are intensive in face-to-face interactions.


Book
Jobs' Amenability to Working from Home : Evidence from Skills Surveys for 53 Countries
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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The spread of COVID-19 and implementation of "social distancing" policies around the world have raised the question of how many jobs can be done at home. This paper uses skills surveys from 53 countries at varying levels of economic development to estimate jobs' amenability to working from home. The paper considers jobs' characteristics and uses internet access at home as an important determinant of working from home. The findings indicate that the amenability of jobs to working from home increases with the level of economic development of the country. This is driven by jobs in poor countries being more intensive in physical/manual tasks, using less information and communications technology, and having poorer internet connectivity at home. Women, college graduates, and salaried and formal workers have jobs that are more amenable to working from home than the average worker. The opposite holds for workers in hotels and restaurants, construction, agriculture, and commerce. The paper finds that the crisis may exacerbate inequities between and within countries. It also finds that occupations explain less than half of the variability in the working-from-home indexes within countries, which highlights the importance of using individual-level data to assess jobs' amenability to working from home.


Periodical
OS. Opificio della storia
Author:
ISSN: 27243192 Year: 2020 Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] : Dipartimento di Architettura e Disegno Industriale dell'Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli,


Book
L'exercice de l'autorité et de l'obéissance volontaire dans les instituts religieux : implications pratiques pour la santé et la sécurité de la personne
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ISBN: 9782204140317 2204140317 Year: 2020 Publisher: Paris: Cerf,

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Les membres d'un institut de vie religieuse cherchent à établir des relations fraternelles conformes à l'Evangile. Cependant, la faiblesse de la nature humaine ou le péché sont des obstacles. Ainsi, dans le cadre de l'exercice de l'autorité et de l'obéissance peuvent se glisser des comportements atteignant la santé et la sécurité d'un membre ou de plusieurs. La présente recherche étudie attentivement l'autorité et l'obéissance dans le c.501 du Code de 1917, dans les cc. 601, 618, 619 du Code de 1983 ainsi que dans les documents sur la vie consacrée postérieure à la publication du Code. A la suite de cela, elle étudie la manière dont la société séculière à partir du début du XXe siècle avec la création des grandes organisations internationales s'est souciée de la santé et de la sécurité des travailleurs. Cela va mettre en évidence qu'un des enjeux de la société du XXIe siècle concerne les risques psychosociaux au travail.L'étude, après avoir regardé la manière dont les cc. 231, 2 et 1286, 1o sont appliqués dans différents diocèses, se termine par une synthèse présentant un outil complémentaire pour le gouvernement d'un institut soucieux de mieux prendre en compte la santé et la sécurité de ses membres. Par ce moyen, un institut peut mieux identifier et se prémunir des abus présents en son sein.


Book
Signal Analysis in Power Systems
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The analysis of power systems under various conditions represents one of the most important and complex tasks in electrical power engineering. Studies in this area are necessary to ensure that the reliability, efficiency, and stability of the power system is not adversely affected. This issue is devoted to reviews and applications of modern methods of signal processing used to analyze the operation of a power system and evaluate the performance of the system in all aspects. Smart grids as an emerging research field of the current decade is the focus of this issue. Monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis of support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand, efficient energy consumption and minimum costs, and intelligent interaction between power-generating and -consuming devices depends on the selection and implementation of advanced signal analysis and processing techniques.


Book
Signal Analysis in Power Systems
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The analysis of power systems under various conditions represents one of the most important and complex tasks in electrical power engineering. Studies in this area are necessary to ensure that the reliability, efficiency, and stability of the power system is not adversely affected. This issue is devoted to reviews and applications of modern methods of signal processing used to analyze the operation of a power system and evaluate the performance of the system in all aspects. Smart grids as an emerging research field of the current decade is the focus of this issue. Monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis of support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand, efficient energy consumption and minimum costs, and intelligent interaction between power-generating and -consuming devices depends on the selection and implementation of advanced signal analysis and processing techniques.


Book
Signal Analysis in Power Systems
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The analysis of power systems under various conditions represents one of the most important and complex tasks in electrical power engineering. Studies in this area are necessary to ensure that the reliability, efficiency, and stability of the power system is not adversely affected. This issue is devoted to reviews and applications of modern methods of signal processing used to analyze the operation of a power system and evaluate the performance of the system in all aspects. Smart grids as an emerging research field of the current decade is the focus of this issue. Monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis of support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand, efficient energy consumption and minimum costs, and intelligent interaction between power-generating and -consuming devices depends on the selection and implementation of advanced signal analysis and processing techniques.

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