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Many technological applications exploit a variety of magnetic structures, or magnetic phases, to produce and optimise solid-state functionality. However, most research advances are restricted to a reduced number of phases owing to computational and resource constraints. This thesis presents an ab-initio theory to efficiently describe complex magnetic phases and their temperature-dependent properties. The central assumption is that magnetic phases evolve slowly compared with the underlying electronic structure from which they emerge. By describing how the electronic structure adapts to the type and extent of magnetic order, a theory able to describe multi-spin correlations and their effect on the magnetism at finite temperature is obtained. It is shown that multi-spin correlations are behind the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the diverse magnetism in the heavy rare earth elements. Magnetically frustrated Mn-based materials and the effect of strain are also investigated. These studies demonstrate that the performance of solid-state refrigeration can be enhanced by multi-spin effects.

Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Mathematical physics. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Quantum computers. --- Spintronics. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Materials --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Mathematics --- Fluxtronics --- Spinelectronics

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This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.

Chemical reactors. --- Reactors, Chemical --- Chemical reactions --- Chemistry, Technical --- Chemical engineering. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Metallurgy --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics

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Effects of many-body interactions and superconducting correlations have become central questions in the quantum transport community. While most previous works investigating current fluctuations in nanodevices have been restricted to the stationary regime, Seoane's thesis extends these studies to the time domain. It provides relevant information about the time onset of electronic correlations mediated by interactions and superconductivity. This knowledge is essential for the development of fast electronic devices, as well as novel applications requiring fast manipulations, such as quantum information processing. In addition, the thesis establishes contact with issues of broad current interest such as non-equilibrium quantum phase transitions.

Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Nanotechnology. --- Quantum computers. --- Spintronics. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Materials

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This textbook explains the physics of phase transformation and associated constraints from a metallurgical or materials science point of view, based on many topics including crystallography, mass transport by diffusion, thermodynamics, heat transfer and related temperature gradients, thermal deformation, and even fracture mechanics. The work presented emphasizes solidification and related analytical models based on heat transfer. This corresponds with the most fundamental physical event of continuous evolution of latent heat of fusion for directional or non-directional liquid-to-solid phase transformation at a specific interface with a certain geometrical shape, such as planar or curved front. Dr. Perez introduces mathematical and engineering approximation schemes for describing the phase transformation, mainly during solidification of pure metals and alloys. Giving clear definitions and explanations of theoretical concepts and full detail of derivation of formulae, this interdisciplinary volume is ideal for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students in applied science, and professionals in the metal making and surface reconstruction industries. Reinforces concepts with example problems illustrating the application of thermodynamics and heat transfer techniques for solving complex solidification problems Adopts an easy and succinct manner narrative style Elucidates solidification shrinkage and gas porosity in casting defects Describes analysis of cracks around a pore using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) .

Metals. --- Engineering—Materials. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Engineering mathematics. --- Crystallography. --- Metallic Materials. --- Materials Engineering. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Engineering Mathematics. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Mathematics --- Solidification. --- Metals --- Transport properties. --- Crystallization --- Heat --- Melting points --- Solutions, Solid

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This book discusses non-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics, recently explored in an analog quantum simulator of strongly correlated ultracold atoms. The first part presents a field-theoretical analysis of the experimental observability of the Higgs amplitude mode that emerges as a relativistic collective excitation near a quantum phase transition of superfluid Bose gases in an optical lattice potential. The author presents the dynamical susceptibilities to external driving of the microscopic parameters, taking into account a leading-order perturbative correction from quantum and thermal fluctuations and shows clear signatures of the Higgs mode in these observables. This is the first result that strongly supports the stability of the Higgs mode in three-dimensional optical lattices even in the presence of a spatially inhomogeneous confinement potential and paves the way for desktop observations of the Higgs mode. In the second part, the author applies the semi-classical truncated-Wigner approximation (TWA) to far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Specifically, he considers the recent experiments on quantum-quench dynamics in a Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator. A direct comparison shows remarkable agreement between the numerical results from TWA and the experimental data. This result clearly indicates the potential of such a semi-classical approach in reliably simulating many-body systems using classical computers. The book also includes several chapters providing comprehensive reviews of the recent studies on cold-atomic quantum simulation and various theoretical methods, including the Schwinger-boson approach in strongly correlated systems and the phase-space semi-classical method for far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. These chapters are highly recommended to students and young researchers who are interested in semi-classical approaches in non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.

Cold gases. --- Ultracold neutrons. --- Quantum systems. --- Quantum theory --- System theory --- Ultra-cold neutrons --- Cold neutrons --- Gases --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Condensed materials. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Statistical physics. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Statistical methods --- Materials