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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Physiology --- climate change --- phenotypic flexibility --- endotherm --- ectotherm --- heterothermy --- hypoxia --- thermoregulation --- seasonality

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The purpose of this Special Issue, “Water Intake, Body Water Regulation, and Health”, is to present novel reviews and experimental data regarding hydration physiology and its implication in overall health. Water has previously been dubbed the forgotten nutrient due to humans’ and animals’ ability to subsist seemingly unchanged across a wide range of daily water intakes. However, with the introduction of stressors such as exercise, diseased states, and/or chronic high or low water intake, the homeostatic signals related to body water regulation can influence organ and whole-body health. This Special Issue will discuss water intake, the scientific rationale surrounding the U.S. and European water intake guidelines, homeostatic mechanisms, diseases related to dysfunction of water regulation, and differences in the volume and the vehicle in which the water is contained (i.e., plain water versus mixed beverages) on water intake during and following exercise. The aim is to continue discussion surrounding water, the previously forgotten nutrient, and highlight the importance of water in daily life.

n/a --- modeling --- adaptation --- pollution --- perception --- heat stress --- assessment --- body composition --- polydipsia --- environmental stressors --- deuterium --- children --- water-electrolyte balance --- dehydration --- big data --- obesity --- climate change --- hydration factor and Hispanic Americans --- water --- thermoregulation --- rehydration --- fluid replacement --- hydration --- chronic disease --- acute kidney injury --- chronic kidney disease --- blood pressure regulation --- exercise --- electrolytes --- euhydration --- database --- water intake --- drinking water --- vascular function --- skin blood flow --- sympathetic nervous system --- oral rehydration therapy --- water restriction --- ultraviolet radiation --- hyponatremia --- DNA --- NHANES --- aging --- sweating --- hypohydration --- body water

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As the century begins, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development. As a result, the balance between man and nature has been disrupted, with climatic changes whose effects are starting to be irreversible. Due to the relationship between the quality of the indoor built environment and its energy demand, thermal comfort issues are still relevant in the disciplinary debate. This is also because the indoor environment has a potential impact on occupants' health and productivity, affecting their physical and psychological conditions. To achieve a sustainable compromise in terms of comfort and energy requirements, several challenging questions must be answered with regard to design, technical, engineering, psychological, and physiological issues and, finally, potential interactions with other IEQ issues that require a holistic way to conceive the building envelope design. This Special Issue collected original research and review articles on innovative designs, systems, and/or control domains that can enhance thermal comfort, work productivity, and wellbeing in a built environment, along with works considering the integration of human factors in buildings’ energy performance.

smart broiler chamber --- ventilation system --- wind velocity --- age of air --- computational fluid dynamics --- simulation analysis --- user awareness --- energy consumption --- individual metering --- feedback strategies --- N-ZEB --- IoT --- Trombe wall --- thermal comfort --- passive heating systems --- heat accumulation --- thermal comfort models --- thermal comfort assessment --- Fanger’s models --- moderate environments --- sport facilities --- desert cooler --- evaporative cooling --- indoor air quality --- liquid desiccant --- effectiveness model --- moisture removal --- PMV --- comfort indices --- software --- app --- building simulation --- health and comfort --- evaluation indicators --- work environments --- indoor environmental quality --- indoor comfort --- human health --- clothing thermal insulation --- thermoregulation model --- Tanabe model --- infrared camera --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- hybrid ventilation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- internet of things (IoT) --- soft-sensor --- convolution neural networks --- draught --- cooling period --- open office --- thermal sensation --- biological structure and composition --- tissue temperature --- bioheat model --- MRI analysis --- sensitivity analysis

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As the century begins, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development. As a result, the balance between man and nature has been disrupted, with climatic changes whose effects are starting to be irreversible. Due to the relationship between the quality of the indoor built environment and its energy demand, thermal comfort issues are still relevant in the disciplinary debate. This is also because the indoor environment has a potential impact on occupants' health and productivity, affecting their physical and psychological conditions. To achieve a sustainable compromise in terms of comfort and energy requirements, several challenging questions must be answered with regard to design, technical, engineering, psychological, and physiological issues and, finally, potential interactions with other IEQ issues that require a holistic way to conceive the building envelope design. This Special Issue collected original research and review articles on innovative designs, systems, and/or control domains that can enhance thermal comfort, work productivity, and wellbeing in a built environment, along with works considering the integration of human factors in buildings’ energy performance.

History of engineering & technology --- smart broiler chamber --- ventilation system --- wind velocity --- age of air --- computational fluid dynamics --- simulation analysis --- user awareness --- energy consumption --- individual metering --- feedback strategies --- N-ZEB --- IoT --- Trombe wall --- thermal comfort --- passive heating systems --- heat accumulation --- thermal comfort models --- thermal comfort assessment --- Fanger’s models --- moderate environments --- sport facilities --- desert cooler --- evaporative cooling --- indoor air quality --- liquid desiccant --- effectiveness model --- moisture removal --- PMV --- comfort indices --- software --- app --- building simulation --- health and comfort --- evaluation indicators --- work environments --- indoor environmental quality --- indoor comfort --- human health --- clothing thermal insulation --- thermoregulation model --- Tanabe model --- infrared camera --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- hybrid ventilation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- internet of things (IoT) --- soft-sensor --- convolution neural networks --- draught --- cooling period --- open office --- thermal sensation --- biological structure and composition --- tissue temperature --- bioheat model --- MRI analysis --- sensitivity analysis

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A vivid, eye-opening view of why birds behave the way they do Birds are intelligent, sociable creatures that exhibit a wide array of behaviors-from mobbing and mimicking to mating and joint nesting. Why do they behave as they do? Bringing to light the remarkable actions of birds through examples from species around the world, Understanding Bird Behavior presents engaging vignettes about the private lives of birds, all explained in an evolutionary context. We discover how birds find food, relying on foraging techniques, tools, and thievery. We learn about the courtship rituals through which birds choose, compete for, woo, and win mates; the familial conflicts that crop up among parents, offspring, and siblings; and the stresses and strains of nesting, including territory defense, nepotism, and relationship sabotage. We see how birds respond to threats and danger-through such unique practices as murmurations, specific alarm calls, distraction displays, and antipredator nest design. We also read about how birds change certain behaviors-preening, migration, breeding, and huddling-based on climate. Richly illustrated, this book explores the increasing focus on how individual birds differ in personality and how big data and citizen scientists are helping to add to what we know about them. Drawing on classic examples and the latest research, Understanding Bird Behavior offers a close-up look at the many ways birds conduct themselves in the wild.--

Birds --- Natural history, --- History, Natural --- Natural science --- Physiophilosophy --- Biology --- Science --- Aves --- Avian fauna --- Avifauna --- Wild birds --- Amniotes --- Vertebrates --- Ornithology --- Behavior. --- Anatomy and physiology. --- Californian junco. --- Chatham Island robins. --- Egyptian vultures. --- New Caledonian crows. --- alternative mating strategies. --- anis. --- ant birds. --- bishops. --- black coucals. --- blackcap migration. --- bowerbird. --- brood divisions. --- buffalo weaver. --- burrow nests. --- caching. --- camouflaged eggs. --- carrion crows. --- chick mimicry. --- circadian rhythms. --- circannual rhythms. --- colored leg bands. --- communal larders. --- coot chicks. --- crested auklet. --- crossbills. --- crows. --- cuckoos. --- deception. --- delayed dispersal. --- eavesdropping. --- economics of feeding. --- egg and chick recognition. --- extra-pair copulations. --- fairywrens. --- female blue tits. --- flamingo. --- forced copulation. --- fork-tailed drongos. --- great tits. --- habitat specialization. --- heritable egg placement. --- hoatzins. --- house husbands. --- hummingbird battles. --- inbreeding avoidance. --- infanticide. --- kakapo. --- leks. --- long tails. --- long-tailed tits. --- male-male competition. --- mating systems. --- mental time travel. --- mixed flocks. --- mobbing. --- mutual mate choice. --- new world warblers. --- oxpeckers. --- parasitism. --- parrot communication. --- passerines. --- passwords. --- polygynous male pied flycatchers. --- quails. --- raptors. --- red collars. --- red-backed fairywren. --- red-winged blackbird. --- risk-taking behavior. --- sandgrouse feathers. --- selfish begging. --- sentinel behavior. --- sex differences in migration. --- siblicide. --- spatial memory. --- speciation. --- temperate birds. --- thermoregulation. --- tropical birds. --- turkey courting coalitions. --- widowbirds. --- willow ptarmigan. --- winter flocks.