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Despite the recent misfortunes of many dotcoms, e-commerce will have major and lasting effects on economic activity. But the rise and fall in the valuations of the first wave of e-commerce companies show that vague promises of distant profits are insufficient. Only business models based on sound economic propositions will survive. This book provides professionals, investors, and MBA students the tools they need to evaluate the wide range of actual and potential e-commerce businesses at the microeconomic level. It demonstrates how these tools can be used to assess a variety of existing applications. Advances in web-based technology--particularly automation and delegation technologies such as smart agents, shopping bots, and bidding elves--support the further growth of e-commerce. In addition to enabling consumers to conduct automated comparisons and sellers to access visitors' background information in real time, such software programs can make decisions for individuals, negotiate with other programs, and participate in online markets. Much of e-commerce's economic value arises from this kind of automation, which not only reduces operating costs but adds value by generating new market interactions. This text teaches how to analyze the added value of such applications, considering consumer behavior, pricing strategies, incentives, and other critical factors. It discusses added value in several e-commerce arenas: online shopping, business-to-business e-commerce, application design, online negotiation (one-to-one trading), online auctions (one-to-many trading), and many-to-many electronic exchanges. Combining insights from several years of microeconomic research as well as from game theory and computer science, it stresses the importance of economic engineering in application design as well as the need for business models to take into account the "total game." As the only serious treatment of the microeconomics of e-commerce, this book should be read by anyone seeking e-commerce solutions or planning to work in the field.
stock markets. --- selling agents. --- retailers. --- protocols. --- procurement systems. --- personalization. --- online auctions. --- naïve bidders. --- matching process. --- marketplaces. --- loyalty. --- late bidding. --- information. --- incentives. --- game theory. --- exchanges. --- deadlines. --- competition. --- bilateral negotiations. --- auction design. --- alternating offers. --- adverse selection. --- Vickrey auction. --- ShopBots. --- English auctions. --- Dutch auctions. --- Bertrand paradox. --- Electronic commerce. --- naïve bidders.
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This book captures the dynamic relationship between COVID-19 pandemic, crude oil prices and major stock indices as well as the crude oil prices and stock market volatility that have been caused due to outbreak of this pandemic. The pandemic has changed the world melodramatically and major world markets collapsed in the beginning, affecting major industries in an unprecedented way. The book will be useful to the researcher in the field of finance and economics, and policy makers both at government and private level, keeping in view the present state of economy throughout the world.
Macroeconomics. --- International economics. --- International finance. --- Globalization. --- Markets. --- Econometrics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- International Economics. --- International Finance. --- Emerging Markets/Globalization. --- Economics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Public markets --- Commerce --- Fairs --- Market towns --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- Economic sanctions --- Economics --- Stock exchanges. --- Bulls and bears --- Commercial corners --- Corners, Commercial --- Equity markets --- Exchanges, Securities --- Exchanges, Stock --- Securities exchanges --- Stock-exchange --- Stock markets --- Capital market --- Efficient market theory --- Speculation
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The COVID-19 pandemic led many emerging market central banks to adopt, for the first time, unconventional policies in the form of asset purchase programs. In this study, we analyze the effects of these announcements on domestic financial markets using both event studies and local projections methodology. We find that these asset purchase announcements lowered bond yields, did not lead to a depreciation of domestic currencies, and did not have much effect on equities. While the immediate effect of asset purchases appears positive, further consideration of the risks and longer-term effects of unconventional monetary policies is needed. We highlight the trade-offs involved with the implementation of these measures, and discuss their risks. This working paper adds to the debate on how asset purchase programs should be a regular part of the emerging market policy toolkit.
Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Investments: Bonds --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money Supply --- Credit --- Money Multipliers --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- International Finance: General --- Information and Market Efficiency --- Event Studies --- International Financial Markets --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Bond yields --- Yield curve --- Central bank policy rate --- Stock markets --- Currencies --- Interest rates --- Bonds --- Stock exchanges --- Money --- South Africa
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Housing is by far the most important asset in Chinese households’ balance sheets. However, despite forceful and frequent government interventions, the rise in Chinese housing prices has not been contained as much as intended, a trend that has not been reversed by the COVID-19 shock. In this paper, we first provide some stylized facts and then a DSGE model (encompassing both demand and supply channels) to highlight the impact of a “slow-moving” structural vulnerability—financial market incompleteness—on China’s housing prices. The model implies that to eradicate the root causes of the rising housing price, policymakers need to go beyond the housing market itself; instead, it would be desirable to deepen financial markets because these markets would help channel financial resources to productive sectors rather than to housing speculation. This is particularly important in the COVID era because without addressing this structural vulnerability, the higher household savings and the government stimulus may fuel the housing bubble and sow seeds for a future crisis. The paper can also shed light on the housing markets in other economies that face similar vulnerabilities.
Finance: General --- Infrastructure --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Industries: Financial Services --- Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Property & real estate --- Finance --- Housing prices --- Consumption --- Securities markets --- Stock markets --- National accounts --- Prices --- Financial markets --- Financial institutions --- Saving and investment --- Economics --- Capital market --- Stock exchanges --- China, People's Republic of
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