Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Adaptive social protection (ASP) helps to build the resilience of poor and vulnerable households to the impacts of large, covariate shocks, such as natural disasters, economic crises, pandemics, conflict, and forced displacement. Through the provision of transfers and services directly to these households, ASP supports their capacity to prepare for, cope with, and adapt to the shocks they face-before, during, and after these shocks occur. Over the long term, by supporting these three capacities, ASP can provide a pathway to a more resilient state for households that may otherwise lack the resources to move out of chronically vulnerable situations. Adaptive Social Protection: Building Resilience to Shocks outlines an organizing framework for the design and implementation of ASP, providing insights into the ways in which social protection systems can be made more capable of building household resilience. By way of its four building blocks-programs, information, finance, and institutional arrangements and partnerships-the framework highlights both the elements of existing social protection systems that are the cornerstones for building household resilience, as well as the additional investments that are central to enhancing their ability to generate these outcomes. In this report, the ASP framework and its building blocks have been elaborated primarily in relation to natural disasters and associated climate change. Nevertheless, many of the priorities identified within each building block are also pertinent to the design and implementation of ASP across other types of shocks, providing a foundation for a structured approach to the advancement of this rapidly evolving and complex agenda.

Adaptation --- Climate change --- Disaster --- Disaster risk finance --- Humanitarian --- Resilience --- Risk Management --- Safety nets --- Social protection --- Vulnerability

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Flooding is among the most prevalent natural hazards affecting people around the world. This study provides a global estimate of the number of people who face the risk of intense fluvial, pluvial, or coastal flooding. The findings suggest that 1.47 billion people, or 19 percent of the world population, are directly exposed to substantial risks during 1-in-100 year flood events. The majority of flood exposed people, about 1.36 billion, are located in South and East Asia; China (329 million) and India (225 million) account for over a third of global exposure. Of the 1.47 billion people who are exposed to flood risk, 89 percent live in low- and middle-income countries. Of the 132 million people who are estimated to live in both extreme poverty (under

Climate Change Impacts --- Exposure --- Flood Control --- Flood Risk --- Hazard Risk Management --- Natural Disasters --- Poverty --- Poverty and Shared Prosperity --- Poverty Reduction --- Poverty, Environment and Development --- Social Protection --- Urban Development --- Vulnerability --- Water Resources

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper analyzes how local leaders make targeting decisions in the context of a public workfare program in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The study finds that village heads are progressive in their targeting, prioritizing the poorer households in their villages. The study benchmarks this decentralized selection to the common alternative proxy means test method and finds that village heads are at least as progressive as a proxy means test method approach. To illuminate what poverty-related information village heads could plausibly be incorporating into their internal selection decisions, the study designs and administers a set of exercises for village heads to rank villagers on land ownership, access to nutrition, and experience with recent shocks - indicators that are likely to differ in their observability to village heads and could plausibly be associated with need for public support. The study finds that village heads' perceptions, as revealed through the ranking exercise, differ substantially from actual levels reported in surveys of the villagers themselves. The study then uses a data-driven machine learning approach to identify the predictors of village head selection. It concludes that village heads rely on a combination of easily observable household characteristics, forming a holistic impression of household welfare, rather than specific indicators like actual land ownership, nutrition, or economic shocks.

Decentralization --- Gender Innovation Lab --- Governance --- Local Government --- Local Leaders --- Poverty Reduction --- Public Works --- Services and Transfers to Poor --- Social Protection --- Social Protections and Assistance --- Social Protections and Labor --- Targeting

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper examines the role of social spending in improving socioeconomic outcomes in the Middle East and Central Asia. In particular, it addresses the following questions: (1) how large is social spending across the region? (2) how do countries in the region fare on socioeconomic outcomes? (3) how important is social spending as a determinant of these outcomes? and (4) how efficient is social spending in the region?.

Purchasing power parity. --- Social policy. --- Education spending --- Education --- Education: General --- Equity and social spending --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Health care spending --- Health economics --- Health --- Health: General --- Inclusive growth --- Middle East and Central Asia --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Social protection spending --- Saudi Arabia

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Spain is experiencing sustained economic and social disparities in several areas. Social spending policies have a heightened responsibility to respond but are challenged by high public debt and pressures from an aging society. This study takes stock of the level and effectiveness of public social expenditure from a cross-country and macroeconomic view, complementing recent targeted spending reviews. The results suggest that social protection spending should aim to improve redistribution through better targeting the most vulnerable while more effective education and active labor market policies should aim to create more equal opportunities and income prospects. In some areas more fiscal resources are needed. But social spending alone cannot reduce inequality, and efforts also should be directed toward making the labor market more inclusive.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare --- Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility --- Promotion --- Unemployment Insurance --- Severance Pay --- Plant Closings --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Labor Economics Policies --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Pensions --- Income --- Active labor market policies --- Expenditure --- Pension spending --- Social protection spending --- National accounts --- Expenditures, Public --- Manpower policy --- Spain