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Albert Einstein is often viewed as the icon of genius, and his theories are admired for their beauty and correctness. Yet the final judge of any theory is the rigorous test of experiment, not the fame of its inventor or the allure of its mathematics. For decades, general relativity has passed test after test with flying colors, including some remarkable new tests using the recently detected gravitational waves.Still, there are reasons for doubt. Einstein's theory of gravity, as beautiful as it is, seems to be in direct contradiction with another theory he helped create: quantum mechanics. Until recently, this was considered to be a purely academic affair. But as more and more data pour in from the most distant corners of the universe, hinting at bizarre stuff called "dark energy" and "dark matter," some scientists have begun to explore the possibility that Einstein's theory may not provide a complete picture of the cosmos.This book chronicles the latest adventures of scientists as they put Einstein's theory to the test in ever more precise and astonishing ways, and in ever more extreme situations, when gravity is unfathomably intense and rapidly churning. From the explosions of neutron stars and the collisions of black holes to the modern scientific process as a means to seek truth and understanding in the cosmos, this book takes the reader on a journey of learning and discovery that has been 100 years in the making.
Relativity (Physics) --- Gravitation. --- Relativité (physique) --- Einstein, Albert, --- Einstein, Albert
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The purpose of this book is to empower readers to deeply understand how quantum-entangled particles violate common-sense assumptions and constraints. This book focuses on what quantum physics is not and investigates seemingly plausible theories that cannot account for experimental results. Quantum physics is notable for its brazen defiance of common sense. (Think of Schrödinger's Cat, famously both dead and alive). An especially rigorous form of quantum contradiction occurs in experiments with entangled particles. Our common assumption is that objects have properties whether or not anyone is observing them, and the measurement of one can't affect the other. Quantum entanglement - called by Einstein "spooky action at a distance" - rejects this assumption, offering impeccable reasoning and irrefutable evidence of the opposite. Is quantum entanglement mystical, or just mystifying ? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Jed Brody equips readers to decide for themselves. He explains how our commonsense assumptions impose constraints - from which entangled particles break free.Brody explores such concepts as local realism, Bell's inequality, polarization, time dilation, and special relativity. He introduces readers to imaginary physicists Alice and Bob and their photon analyses ; points out that it's easier to reject falsehood than establish the truth ; and reports that some physicists explain entanglement by arguing that we live in a cross-section of a higher-dimensional reality. He examines a variety of viewpoints held by physicists, including quantum decoherence, Niels Bohr's Copenhagen interpretation, genuine fortuitousness, and QBism. This relatively recent interpretation, an abbreviation of "quantum Bayesianism," holds that there's no such thing as an absolutely accurate, objective probability "out there," that quantum mechanical probabilities are subjective judgments, and there's no "action at a distance," spooky or otherwise.
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Ce livre est le récit d'une aventure, celle de la théorie moderne de la gravitation, depuis ses premiers balbutiements de 1907, lorsqu'Einstein énonce sa version du principe d'équivalence, jusqu'aux premières images d'un trou noir en 2019. L'auteur évoque aussi bien les doutes, les impasses et même les erreurs des scientifiques que leurs exploits et leurs succès intellectuels et technologiques. Ces exploits ont permis, entre autres, de lever le voile sur les objets les plus monstrueux du cosmos, les trous noirs. Les scientifiques furent des aventuriers, qui n'ont pas hésité à emprunter des chemins extraordinairement périlleux afin de tester toutes les facettes de la théorie d'Einstein de la gravitation : depuis les voyages sous les Tropiques d'Eddington et ses collaborateurs pour observer l'éclipse de soleil de 1919 à la construction de détecteurs d'ondes gravitationnelles, en passant par le résaeu mondial de télscopes capable de faire l'image d'un trou noir. Dans un style concis et alerte, Ron Cowen nous fait vivre l'histoire de la relativité générale et de ses protagonistes, sans oublier les applications à la théorie du Big Bang et les pistes de recherches actuelles sur la gravitation quantique.
Gravitation --- Astrophysics --- General relativity (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Black holes (Astronomy) --- Relativité (physique) --- Trous noirs (astronomie) --- Astrophysique --- Théorie quantique --- History. --- Histoire. --- Histoire --- Relativité (physique) --- Théorie quantique
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