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Marine Drugs is glad to announce its first Special Issue book on “ion channels” related research: Under the great stewardship of the Guest Editor, Dr. Jean-Marc Sabatier, four advanced research articles and three comprehensive review papers were collected in the Special Issue “Ion Channels as Marine Drug Targets”. Join us to explore the advanced research outcomes in this field: α-Conotoxin RgIA and a potent analog, RgIA4, in treatment of pain; botulinum toxin-chitosan nanoparticles in treatment of atrial fibrillation; 27-amino acid (aa)-long δ-conotoxin TxVIA that modulates mammalian CaV3.x; first venomics study of Conus tulipa venom; review on marine toxins targeting Kv1 channels; review on synthetic approaches to zetekitoxin AB; and review on marine natural products and drug resistance in latent tuberculosis. The second edition of this Special Issue is open for submissions, we look forward to your contribution.

Medicine --- conotoxin --- Conus tulipa --- intraspecific variation --- venomics --- transcriptomics --- proteomics --- conantokins --- net hunting strategy --- nirvana cabal --- ion channel modulators --- marine anti-TB compounds --- PZA --- MTB --- latent TB --- sponges --- nicotinic --- chemotherapy --- paclitaxel --- taxane --- neuropathic pain --- α9α10 --- saxitoxin --- zetekitoxin AB --- voltage-gated sodium channel --- guanidine alkaloid --- bioactives --- conotoxins 2 --- Kv1 --- marine toxins --- modulators --- potassium channels --- sea anemone toxins --- TxVIA --- mammalian NaV channel --- selective inhibitor --- T-type CaV3.2 --- botulinum toxin A1 --- chitosan nanoparticles --- antiarrhythmics --- pharmacological models of arrhythmia --- electrically induced arrhythmia --- conotoxin --- Conus tulipa --- intraspecific variation --- venomics --- transcriptomics --- proteomics --- conantokins --- net hunting strategy --- nirvana cabal --- ion channel modulators --- marine anti-TB compounds --- PZA --- MTB --- latent TB --- sponges --- nicotinic --- chemotherapy --- paclitaxel --- taxane --- neuropathic pain --- α9α10 --- saxitoxin --- zetekitoxin AB --- voltage-gated sodium channel --- guanidine alkaloid --- bioactives --- conotoxins 2 --- Kv1 --- marine toxins --- modulators --- potassium channels --- sea anemone toxins --- TxVIA --- mammalian NaV channel --- selective inhibitor --- T-type CaV3.2 --- botulinum toxin A1 --- chitosan nanoparticles --- antiarrhythmics --- pharmacological models of arrhythmia --- electrically induced arrhythmia

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Potassium (K+) is an essential mineral macronutrient abundantly present in the cytosol which, unlike other macronutrients, is not metabolized and does not integrate into macromolecules. Compared to animal cells, K+ is more abundantly present in plant cells. Overall performance of the plant, and operation of metabolic machinery depends upon intracellular K+ homeostasis (K+ uptake and efflux) via K+ channels and transporters acting as mediators of cellular responses during plant development. Unlike animals, plants lack sodium/K+ exchangers; plant cells have developed unique transport systems for K+ accumulation and release. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 71 K+ channels and transporters have been identified and categorized into six families. Plant adaptive responses to several abiotic and biotic stresses are mediated by regulation of intracellular K+ homeostasis. In this report, we highlight the role of K+ in abiotic and biotic stresses, features of channels and transporters responsible for its homeostasis along with its evolutionary relationship, perception and sensing mechanisms, and K+ deficiency triggering different signaling cascades. Overall, this book covers the role of K+ in plants would be significantly helpful to research, academic community as well as students to understand the one of the major attributes of plant biology.

Plants --- Effect of potassium on. --- Plants, Effect of potassium on --- Potassium --- Effect of metals on --- Physiological effect --- Plant physiology. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant pathology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Pathology. --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Botany --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Ontogeny --- Structure --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Potassi --- Plantes --- Fitoquímica --- Bioquímica de les plantes --- Bioquímica vegetal --- Botànica química --- Química botànica --- Química de les plantes --- Química vegetal --- Bioquímica --- Hormones vegetals --- Pigments vegetals --- Proteïnes vegetals --- Biologia molecular vegetal --- Herbes --- Plantes vasculares --- Plantes no vasculares --- Regne vegetal --- Vegetals --- Vida (Biologia) --- Arbres --- Criptògames --- Halòfits --- Males herbes --- Creixement (Plantes) --- Fanerògames --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Fitoplàncton --- Flora --- Flora urbana --- Flors --- Paleobotànica --- Plantes aquàtiques --- Plantes aromàtiques --- Plantes carnívores --- Flora amenaçada --- Plantes endèmiques --- Plantes farratgeres --- Plantes llenyoses --- Plantes paràsites --- Plantes silvestres --- Plantes suculentes --- Plantes transgèniques --- Plantes tropicals --- Plantes útils --- Botànica --- Vegetació --- Metalls alcalins

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Iodine, a key component of thyroid hormones, is considered an essential micronutrient for proper health at all life stages. Indeed, an inadequate dietary intake of iodine is responsible for several functional and developmental abnormalities. The most serious consequences of iodine deficiency include hypothyroidism, early abortion, low birth weight, preterm delivery, neurocognitive impairment, and mental retardation. On the other hand, the consequences of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, such as goiter, are less well understood but represent an important priority for research and public health practice. Over the last several decades, many countries across the globe have introduced mandatory salt iodization programs, which have dramatically reduced the number of iodine-deficient countries. However, despite substantial progress worldwide, mild-to-moderate deficiency is still prevalent even in many developed countries. Thus, the ongoing monitoring of the population iodine status remains crucially important, and attention may need to be paid to vulnerable life stage groups.

iodine deficiency --- schoolchildren --- pregnancy --- iodine prophylaxis --- iodine deficiency disorders --- goiter --- hypothyroidism --- nutraceuticals --- thyroid function --- dietary supplements --- urinary iodine concentration --- iodine --- thyroid hormones --- thyroglobulin --- thyroid stimulating hormone --- preterm birth --- small for gestational age --- iodine nutrition status --- thyroid disease --- thyrotropin --- urine iodine --- epidemiologic studies --- Korean --- Republic of Moldova --- salt --- sodium --- potassium --- population --- Iodine Status --- Food Frequency Questionnaire --- iodized salt --- iodine intake --- dairy intake --- adults --- iodine status --- human milk --- lactation --- infant growth --- iodine schoolchildren --- goitre --- iodised salt --- water iodine --- iodine pregnant women --- cadmium --- myo-inositol --- seleno-L-methionine --- thyroid --- MCP-1 --- CXCL10 --- carnitine --- flavonoids --- melatonin --- omega-3 --- resveratrol --- selenium --- vitamins --- zinc --- n/a --- perchlorate --- Natrium/Iodide symporter --- endocrine disruptors --- review --- drinking and Food --- Hypothyroidism

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Iodine, a key component of thyroid hormones, is considered an essential micronutrient for proper health at all life stages. Indeed, an inadequate dietary intake of iodine is responsible for several functional and developmental abnormalities. The most serious consequences of iodine deficiency include hypothyroidism, early abortion, low birth weight, preterm delivery, neurocognitive impairment, and mental retardation. On the other hand, the consequences of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, such as goiter, are less well understood but represent an important priority for research and public health practice. Over the last several decades, many countries across the globe have introduced mandatory salt iodization programs, which have dramatically reduced the number of iodine-deficient countries. However, despite substantial progress worldwide, mild-to-moderate deficiency is still prevalent even in many developed countries. Thus, the ongoing monitoring of the population iodine status remains crucially important, and attention may need to be paid to vulnerable life stage groups.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- iodine deficiency --- schoolchildren --- pregnancy --- iodine prophylaxis --- iodine deficiency disorders --- goiter --- hypothyroidism --- nutraceuticals --- thyroid function --- dietary supplements --- urinary iodine concentration --- iodine --- thyroid hormones --- thyroglobulin --- thyroid stimulating hormone --- preterm birth --- small for gestational age --- iodine nutrition status --- thyroid disease --- thyrotropin --- urine iodine --- epidemiologic studies --- Korean --- Republic of Moldova --- salt --- sodium --- potassium --- population --- Iodine Status --- Food Frequency Questionnaire --- iodized salt --- iodine intake --- dairy intake --- adults --- iodine status --- human milk --- lactation --- infant growth --- iodine schoolchildren --- goitre --- iodised salt --- water iodine --- iodine pregnant women --- cadmium --- myo-inositol --- seleno-L-methionine --- thyroid --- MCP-1 --- CXCL10 --- carnitine --- flavonoids --- melatonin --- omega-3 --- resveratrol --- selenium --- vitamins --- zinc --- perchlorate --- Natrium/Iodide symporter --- endocrine disruptors --- review --- drinking and Food --- Hypothyroidism --- iodine deficiency --- schoolchildren --- pregnancy --- iodine prophylaxis --- iodine deficiency disorders --- goiter --- hypothyroidism --- nutraceuticals --- thyroid function --- dietary supplements --- urinary iodine concentration --- iodine --- thyroid hormones --- thyroglobulin --- thyroid stimulating hormone --- preterm birth --- small for gestational age --- iodine nutrition status --- thyroid disease --- thyrotropin --- urine iodine --- epidemiologic studies --- Korean --- Republic of Moldova --- salt --- sodium --- potassium --- population --- Iodine Status --- Food Frequency Questionnaire --- iodized salt --- iodine intake --- dairy intake --- adults --- iodine status --- human milk --- lactation --- infant growth --- iodine schoolchildren --- goitre --- iodised salt --- water iodine --- iodine pregnant women --- cadmium --- myo-inositol --- seleno-L-methionine --- thyroid --- MCP-1 --- CXCL10 --- carnitine --- flavonoids --- melatonin --- omega-3 --- resveratrol --- selenium --- vitamins --- zinc --- perchlorate --- Natrium/Iodide symporter --- endocrine disruptors --- review --- drinking and Food --- Hypothyroidism

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Crystallography remains, for mineralogy, one of the main sources of information on natural crystalline substances. A description of mineral species shape is carried out according to the principles of geometric crystallography; the crystal structure of minerals is determined using X-ray crystallography techniques, and physical crystallography approaches allow one to evaluate various properties of minerals, etc. However, the reverse comparison should not be forgotten as well: the crystallography science, in its current form, was born in the course of mineralogical research, long before preparative chemistry received such extensive development. It is worth noting that, even today, investigations of crystallographic characteristics of minerals regularly open up new horizons in materials science, because the possibilities of nature (fascinating chemical diversity; great variation of thermodynamic parameters; and, of course, almost endless processing time) are still not available for reproduction in any of the world's laboratories. This Special Issue is devoted to mineralogical crystallography, the oldest branch of crystallographic science, and aims to combine important surveys covering topics indicated in the keywords below.

Research & information: general --- galenobismutite --- high pressure --- single-crystal X-ray synchrotron diffraction --- equation of state --- calcium ferrite structure type --- lone electron pair --- vaterite --- calcium carbonate --- polymorph --- precipitation --- synthesis --- carbonation --- pathogen crystallization --- biomimetic synthesis --- renal stone --- calcium oxalate --- apatite --- brushite --- struvite --- octocalcium phosphate --- whitlockite --- Escherichia coli --- Klebsiella pneumoniae --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Staphylococcus aureus --- uranyl --- selenite --- selenate --- crystal structure --- topology --- structural complexity --- demesmaekerite --- guillemenite --- haynesite --- coesite --- high-temperature Raman --- FTIR spectrum --- single crystal structure --- isobaric Grüneisen parameters --- OH-stretching modes --- strontium oxalate --- solid solutions --- ionic substitutions --- weddellite --- whewellite --- X-ray powder diffraction --- scanning electron microscopy --- EDX spectroscopy --- hydroxy-hydrate --- sulfate --- cesium --- schoepite --- krasnoshteinite --- zeolite-like borate --- hydrous aluminum chloroborate --- new mineral --- microporous crystalline material --- evaporitic salt rock --- Verkhnekamskoe potassium salt deposit --- Perm Krai --- anatomy --- Cactaceae --- oxalate --- silica --- stem --- stanfieldite --- phosphate --- merrillite --- meteorite --- pallasite --- mesosiderite --- luminophore --- bioceramics --- powder diffraction --- Raman spectroscopy --- Kamchatka --- hot springs --- pyrite --- complexity of crystal habits --- Mars --- mineral --- crystallography --- crystal chemistry --- X-ray diffraction --- crystal growth --- mineral evolution