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This book presents the first comprehensive compilation of genome research on the Hevea brasiliensis rubber tree. The genomes of Hevea tree clones (cultivars) are described by three major international groups. Chapters on omics-driven investigations address a broad range of topics including genome annotation and utilisation, transcriptome and gene family analysis, genetic mapping, metabolic pathways in latex and molecular breeding. Additionally, an overview of fundamental rubber biology, especially on laticifers, provides a historical background that is relevant to rubber genome analysis. The book concludes with several perspectives on the future needs of rubber investigations and prospects of rubber genomics. Given the scope of topics, this book will appeal to researchers and university students working in genomics and biotechnology of the rubber tree, and to rubber breeders with an interest in non-conventional approaches to trait analysis, selection and breeding.

Plant genetics. --- Plant breeding. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Plants --- Genetics --- Hevea brasiliensis. --- Para rubber tree --- Rubber tree --- Rubbertree --- Siphonia brasiliensis --- Hevea --- Genètica vegetal --- Plantes --- Brasil --- Herbes --- Plantes vasculares --- Plantes no vasculares --- Regne vegetal --- Vegetals --- Vida (Biologia) --- Arbres --- Criptògames --- Halòfits --- Males herbes --- Creixement (Plantes) --- Fanerògames --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Fitoplàncton --- Flora --- Flora urbana --- Flors --- Paleobotànica --- Plantes aquàtiques --- Plantes aromàtiques --- Plantes carnívores --- Flora amenaçada --- Plantes endèmiques --- Plantes farratgeres --- Plantes llenyoses --- Plantes paràsites --- Plantes silvestres --- Plantes suculentes --- Plantes transgèniques --- Plantes tropicals --- Plantes útils --- Botànica --- Vegetació --- Fitogenètica --- Genètica de les plantes --- Genètica --- Genètica molecular vegetal --- Nombre de cromosomes de les plantes --- Millorament selectiu de plantes --- Amazònia --- Amèrica del Sud --- Ceará (Brasil : Estat) --- Maranhão (Brasil : Estat) --- Nordeste (Brasil : Regió) --- Norte (Brasil : Regió) --- Piauí (Brasil : Estat) --- São Francisco (Brasil : Vall) --- Sudeste (Brasil : Regió) --- Sul (Brasil : Regió) --- Tocantins (Brasil)

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Global population is mounting at an alarming stride to surpass 9.3 billion by 2050, whereas simultaneously the agricultural productivity is gravely affected by climate changes resulting in increased biotic and abiotic stresses. The genus Brassica belongs to the mustard family whose members are known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages or mustard plants. Rapeseed-mustard is world’s third most important source of edible oil after soybean and oil palm. It has worldwide acceptance owing to its rare combination of health promoting factors. It has very low levels of saturated fatty acids which make it the healthiest edible oil that is commonly available. Apart from this, it is rich in antioxidants by virtue of tocopherols and phytosterols presence in the oil. The high omega 3 content reduces the risk of atherosclerosis/heart attack. Conventional breeding methods have met with limited success in Brassica because yield and stress resilience are polygenic traits and are greatly influenced by environment. Therefore, it is imperative to accelerate the efforts to unravel the biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying yield, quality and tolerance towards biotic and abiotic stresses in Brassica. To exploit its fullest potential, systematic efforts are needed to unlock the genetic information for new germplasms that tolerate initial and terminal state heat coupled with moisture stress. For instance, wild relatives may be exploited in developing introgressed and resynthesized lines with desirable attributes. Exploitation of heterosis is another important area which can be achieved by introducing transgenics to raise stable CMS lines. Doubled haploid breeding and marker assisted selection should be employed along with conventional breeding. Breeding programmes aim at enhancing resource use efficiency, especially nutrient and water as well as adoption to aberrant environmental changes should also be considered. Biotechnological interventions are essential for altering the biosynthetic pathways for developing high oleic and low linolenic lines. Accordingly, tools such as microspore and ovule culture, embryo rescue, isolation of trait specific genes especially for aphid, Sclerotinia and alternaria blight resistance, etc. along with identification of potential lines based on genetic diversity can assist ongoing breeding programmes. In this book, we highlight the recent molecular, genetic and genomic interventions made to achieve crop improvement in terms of yield increase, quality and stress tolerance in Brassica, with a special emphasis in Rapeseed-mustard.

Agriculture. --- Plant breeding. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant genetics. --- Nutrition   . --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Nutrition. --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Plants --- Genetics --- Botany --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Health aspects --- Brassica --- Genetics. --- Cruciferae --- Plantes --- Agricultura --- Genètica vegetal --- Fitogenètica --- Genètica de les plantes --- Genètica --- Genètica molecular vegetal --- Nombre de cromosomes de les plantes --- Millorament selectiu de plantes --- Agronomia --- Ciències de la vida --- Agricultura biològica --- Agricultura de muntanya --- Agricultura de precisió --- Agricultura de subsistència --- Agricultura sostenible --- Agricultura urbana --- Agrosilvicultura --- Aqüicultura --- Arbres --- Boscos --- Climatologia agrícola --- Conreu --- Conreus de regadiu --- Conreus extensius --- Dones en l'agricultura --- Extensió agrària --- Floricultura --- Indústria agrícola --- Indústria ramadera --- Investigació agrícola --- Jardineria --- Pagesia --- Pastures --- Productes agrícoles --- Protecció de les plantes --- Revolució verda --- Silvicultura --- Zootècnia --- Història de l'agricultura --- Pagesos --- Ramaderia --- Herbes --- Plantes vasculares --- Plantes no vasculares --- Regne vegetal --- Vegetals --- Vida (Biologia) --- Criptògames --- Halòfits --- Males herbes --- Creixement (Plantes) --- Fanerògames --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Fitoplàncton --- Flora --- Flora urbana --- Flors --- Paleobotànica --- Plantes aquàtiques --- Plantes aromàtiques --- Plantes carnívores --- Flora amenaçada --- Plantes endèmiques --- Plantes farratgeres --- Plantes llenyoses --- Plantes paràsites --- Plantes silvestres --- Plantes suculentes --- Plantes transgèniques --- Plantes tropicals --- Plantes útils --- Botànica --- Vegetació

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Plant-herbivore interactions are a central topic in evolutionary ecology. Historically, their study has been a cornerstone for coevolutionary theory. Starting from classic ecological studies at the phenotypic level, it has since expanded to molecular and genomic approaches. After a historical perspective, the book’s subsequent chapters cover a wide range of topics: from populations to ecosystems; plant- and herbivore-focused studies; in natural and in man-modified ecosystems; and both micro- and macro-evolutionary levels. All chapters include valuable background information and empirical evidence. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to both students and researchers, and will hopefully stimulate further research in this exciting field of evolutionary biology.

Evolutionary biology. --- Plant ecology. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Plants --- Botany --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Ecology --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Ontogeny --- Structure --- Animal-plant relationships. --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic ecology --- Ecologia vegetal --- Plantes --- Herbes --- Plantes vasculares --- Plantes no vasculares --- Regne vegetal --- Vegetals --- Vida (Biologia) --- Arbres --- Criptògames --- Halòfits --- Males herbes --- Creixement (Plantes) --- Fanerògames --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Fitoplàncton --- Flora --- Flora urbana --- Flors --- Paleobotànica --- Plantes aquàtiques --- Plantes aromàtiques --- Plantes carnívores --- Flora amenaçada --- Plantes endèmiques --- Plantes farratgeres --- Plantes llenyoses --- Plantes paràsites --- Plantes silvestres --- Plantes suculentes --- Plantes transgèniques --- Plantes tropicals --- Plantes útils --- Botànica --- Vegetació --- Aclimatació (Plantes) --- Ecologia --- Al·lelopatia --- Associacions vegetals --- Corredors biològics --- Ecofisiologia vegetal --- Ecologia forestal --- Fenologia --- Fitogeografia --- Mecanismes de defensa en les plantes --- Saprofitisme --- Successió vegetal --- Ecologia de les plantes --- Fitoecologia --- Relacions planta-sòl

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Environmental and specific diversity in the Chihuahuan desert in general, and in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin in particular, has long been recognized as outstanding. This book provides a global ecological overview, together with in-depth studies of specific processes. The Chihuahuan desert is the warmest in North America, and has a complex geologic, climatic and biogeographical history, which affects today’s distribution of vegetation and plants and generates complex phylogeographic patterns. The high number of endemic species reflects this complex set of traits. The modern distribution of environments, including aquatic and subaquatic systems, riparian environments, gypsum dunes and gypsum-rich soils, low levels of phosphorous and organic matter, and high salinity combined with an extreme climate call for a range of adaptations. Plants are distributed in a patchy pattern based on punctual variations, and many of them respond to different resources and conditions with considerable morphological plasticity. In terms of physiological, morphological and ecological variability, cacti were identified as the most important group in specific environments like bajadas, characterized by high diversity values, while gypsophytes and gypsovagues of different phylogenies, including species with restricted distribution and endemics.

Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Plant ecology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Conservation biology. --- Ecology . --- Plant physiology. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Ecology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Nature conservation --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic ecology --- Ecologia vegetal --- Plantes --- Deserts --- Mèxic --- Espais naturals --- Estepes --- Planures --- Regions àrides --- Desertització --- Ecologia dels deserts --- Herbes --- Plantes vasculares --- Plantes no vasculares --- Regne vegetal --- Vegetals --- Vida (Biologia) --- Arbres --- Criptògames --- Halòfits --- Males herbes --- Creixement (Plantes) --- Fanerògames --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Fitoplàncton --- Flora --- Flora urbana --- Flors --- Paleobotànica --- Plantes aquàtiques --- Plantes aromàtiques --- Plantes carnívores --- Flora amenaçada --- Plantes endèmiques --- Plantes farratgeres --- Plantes llenyoses --- Plantes paràsites --- Plantes silvestres --- Plantes suculentes --- Plantes transgèniques --- Plantes tropicals --- Plantes útils --- Botànica --- Vegetació --- Aclimatació (Plantes) --- Ecologia --- Al·lelopatia --- Associacions vegetals --- Corredors biològics --- Ecofisiologia vegetal --- Ecologia forestal --- Fenologia --- Fitogeografia --- Mecanismes de defensa en les plantes --- Saprofitisme --- Successió vegetal --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- México --- Amèrica del Nord --- Amèrica Central --- Baixa Califòrnia (Mèxic : Estat) --- Baixa Califòrnia Sud (Mèxic : Estat) --- Chiapas (Mèxic : Estat) --- Ciutat de Mèxic (Mèxic) --- Coahuila (Mèxic : Estat) --- Chihuahua (Mèxic : Estat) --- Durango (Mèxic : Estat) --- Guanajuato (Mèxic : Estat) --- Guerrero (Mèxic : Estat) --- Jalisco (Mèxic : Estat) --- Mèxic (Mèxic : Estat) --- Michoacán (Mèxic : Estat) --- Morelos (Mèxic : Estat) --- Nuevo León (Mèxic : Estat) --- Oaxaca (Mèxic : Estat) --- Puebla (Mèxic : Estat) --- Querétaro (Mèxic : Estat) --- Sinaloa (Mèxic : Estat) --- Sonora (Mèxic : Estat) --- Tabasco (Mèxic : Estat) --- Tamaulipas (Mèxic : Estat) --- Tlaxcala (Mèxic : Estat) --- Yucatán (Mèxic : Estat) --- Aguascalientes (Mèxic : Estat) --- Ecologia de les plantes --- Fitoecologia --- Relacions planta-sòl