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The public execution of criminals has been a common practice since ancient times. Adriano Prosperi identifies a crucial period when concepts of vengeance and justice merged with Christian beliefs in repentance and forgiveness, to eventually give political authorities a moral rationale for encoding the death penalty into law.

Capital punishment --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners --- History --- Religious aspects --- Catholic Church --- Christianity --- History.

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"From Confederation to the partial abolition of the death penalty a century later, defendants convicted of sexually motivated killings and sexually violent homicides in Canada were more likely than any other condemned criminals to be executed for their crimes. Despite the emergence of psychiatric expertise in criminal trials, moral disgust and anger proved more potent in courtrooms, the public mind, and the hearts of the bureaucrats and politicians responsible for determining the outcome of capital cases. Outsiders of all types--drifters, the unemployed, the unconventional--were the first to fall within the radar of police who were pressured to catch culprits. Although the vast majority of convicted sex killers were white, Canada's racist notions of "the Indian mind" meant that Indigenous defendants faced the presumption of guilt. Black defendants were also subjected to discriminatory treatment, including near lynchings. Even prior to Steven Truscott's controversial death sentence for a sex murder in 1959, abolitionists expressed concern that prejudices and poverty created the prospect of wrongful convictions. Unique in the ways it reveals the emotional drivers of capital punishment in delivering inequitable outcomes, The Death Penalty and Sex Murder in Canadian History provides a thorough overview of sex murder and the death penalty in Canada. It serves as an essential history and a richly documented cautionary tale for the present."--

Capital punishment --- Lust murder --- History --- Canada --- Canada. --- Steven Truscott. --- capital. --- convictions. --- criminal justice. --- death. --- gender. --- history. --- law. --- murder. --- penalty. --- penology. --- psychiatry. --- punishment. --- sex crime. --- sexuality. --- wrongful.

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This book provides a detailed overview of the law and policy related to unlawful killings and the right to life. It is organized into the key thematic issues and types of killings that arose during the mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004-2016. Each chapter contains an introductory overview and selected extracts from UN Special Rapporteur reports to the United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Council and other normative work, and covers the applicable international law, policy considerations, and common fact scenarios.Philip Alston held the mandate of United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004 and 2010; Christof Heyns did so from 2010 to 2016. This book was created to provide easy access to the work of the Special Rapporteurs, and to be a useful guide for those studying and working to promote respect for human rights. The book was edited by the two rapporteurs, together with their main advisors during their tenure as mandate holders, Sarah Knuckey and Thomas Probert.

Law --- Unlawful Killings --- Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials --- Identity-Based Killings --- Killings by Non-State Actors --- The Death Penalty --- Unlawful Killings --- Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials --- Identity-Based Killings --- Killings by Non-State Actors --- The Death Penalty

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This book offers a broad overview of public attitudes to the death penalty in India. It examines in detail the progress made by international organizations worldwide in their efforts to abolish the death penalty and provides statistics from various countries that have already abolished it. The book focuses on four main aspects: the excessive cost and poor use of funds; wrongful executions of innocent people; the death penalty’s failure as an efficient deterrent; and the alternative sentence of life imprisonment without parole. In closing, the book analyses the current debates on capital punishment around the globe and in the Indian context. Based on public opinion surveys, the book is essential reading for all those interested in India, its government, criminal justice system, and policies on the death penalty and human rights.

Capital punishment --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners --- Psychology. --- Social justice. --- Human rights. --- Crime—Sociological aspects. --- Law and Psychology. --- Social Justice, Equality and Human Rights. --- Crime and Society. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Equality --- Justice --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- Law and legislation

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Symmetry and complexity are the focus of a selection of outstanding papers, ranging from pure Mathematics and Physics to Computer Science and Engineering applications. This collection is based around fundamental problems arising from different fields, but all of them have the same task, i.e. breaking the complexity by the symmetry. In particular, in this Issue, there is an interesting paper dealing with circular multilevel systems in the frequency domain, where the analysis in the frequency domain gives a simple view of the system. Searching for symmetry in fractional oscillators or the analysis of symmetrical nanotubes are also some important contributions to this Special Issue. More papers, dealing with intelligent prognostics of degradation trajectories for rotating machinery in engineering applications or the analysis of Laplacian spectra for categorical product networks, show how this subject is interdisciplinary, i.e. ranging from theory to applications. In particular, the papers by Lee, based on the dynamics of trapped solitary waves for special differential equations, demonstrate how theory can help us to handle a practical problem. In this collection of papers, although encompassing various different fields, particular attention has been paid to the common task wherein the complexity is being broken by the search for symmetry.

History of engineering & technology --- fractional differential equations --- fractional oscillations (vibrations) --- fractional dynamical systems --- nonlinear dynamical systems --- harmonic wavelet --- filtering --- multilevel system --- forced Korteweg-de Vries equation --- trapped solitary wave solutions --- numerical stability --- two bumps or holes --- finite difference method --- Laplacian spectra --- categorical product --- Kirchhoff index --- global mean-first passage time --- spanning tree --- degradation trajectories prognostic --- asymmetric penalty sparse decomposition (APSD) --- rolling bearings --- wavelet neural network (WNN) --- recursive least squares (RLS) --- health indicators --- first multiple Zagreb index --- second multiple Zagreb index, hyper-Zagreb index --- Zagreb polynomials --- Nanotubes