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Le journalisme est à la fois un et multiple. Une des clés pour mieux appréhender les diverses formes de journalisme est le grand écart permanent entre ses tendances à la généralisation et à la spécialisation. En d’autres termes, le fait de se cantonner dans une branche spéciale d’activités ou une exclusivité ne prive-t-il pas le journaliste de toute la richesse d’un regard « généraliste » ? Faut-il envisager les journalismes spécialisés comme une trajectoire dans la carrière journalistique ? Et si oui, qu’est-ce que le numérique apporte ou non dans ces spécialisations ? Les journalismes, comme tant d’autres secteurs de la société, ne sont pas épargnés par la numérisation. L’information journalistique, dès l’étape de sa production et quelle que soit sa forme (texte, son ou image), est désormais un fichier numérique dont les possibilités de circulation semblent infinies, indépendamment du support auquel cette information est destinée à l’origine. Cet ouvrage analyse les enjeux liés aux spécialisations en journalisme à l’ère numérique.

Journalism --- Technological innovations. --- journalisme, webjournalisme, médias sociaux, datajournalisme, intelligence artificielle, pratiques, ère numérique.

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"Digital media are normal. But this was not always true. For a long time, lay discourse, academic exhortations, pop culture narratives, and advocacy groups constructed new information and communications technologies (ICTs) as exceptional. Whether they were believed to be revolutionary, dangerous, rife with opportunity, or other-worldly, these tools and technologies were framed as extraordinary. But digital media are now mundane, thoroughly embedded - and often unquestioned - in everyday life. Digital media are enmeshed in health and wellness, work and organizations, elections, capital flows, intimate relationships, social movements, and even our own identities. Although the study of these technologies has always been interdisciplinary - at the crossroads of computer science, cultural studies, science and technology studies, and communications - never has a sociological perspective been more valuable. Sociology excels at helping us re-see the normal. The Oxford Handbook of Digital Media Sociology is a perfect point of entry for those curious about the state of sociological research on digital media. Each chapter reviews the sociological research that has been done thus far and points towards unanswered questions. The 34 chapters in the Handbook are arranged in six sections which look at digital media as they relate to: theory, social institutions, everyday life, community and identity, social inequalities, and politics & power. The contributors to this volume provide a distinctly sociological center that will be an indispensable resource for scholars looking to find their way in the subfield, offering an overview of the research on digital media that is sure to illuminate this shifting terrain. Readers will find it accessible enough for use in class, and thorough enough for seasoned professionals interested in a concise update in their areas of interest"--

Digital media --- Social aspects --- Social media. --- Digital media. --- Online social networks. --- Médias sociaux. --- Médias numériques. --- Réseaux sociaux.

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Influencers have become an integral part of our lives. These people who share content on social networks and blogs often have a very large community. Tourism professionals have every interest in taking advantage of the influence of the latter in order to gain significant visibility among Internet users. 
A key trend in marketing 2.0, influencer marketing is a method of communication that addresses the major issues that brands and communication agencies face when communicating with their targets on social networks. In the face of constantly changing communication methods, brands need to be creative in order to develop effective processes capable of reaching demanding consumers and who are averse to intrusive advertising. Going through the intermediary of an influencer gives credibility to the campaign through a more authentic and close message, relayed by an opinion leader. 
Moreover, everybody likes to travel. That is why influencers sharing their travel experiences are among the most influential digital influencers. Especially in the tourism industry, influencers have become crucially important. Indeed, media such as blogs, video-sharing platforms and social networks are particularly conducive to collaborations with influencers. Influencers can introduce their community to a place, make them want to travel to a country, promote a means of transportation or a tourism activity.
This study is intended to find out more about consumer behavior regarding this type of advertising in the tourism industry. Les influenceurs sont devenues partie intégrante de nos vies. Ces personnes qui partagent du contenu sur les réseaux sociaux et les blogs ont souvent une très grande communauté. Les professionnels du tourisme ont tout intérêt à profiter de l'influence de ces derniers afin d'acquérir une visibilité importante auprès des internautes. 
Tendance clé du marketing 2.0, le marketing d'influence est un mode de communication qui répond aux grands enjeux auxquels sont confrontées les marques et les agences de communication lorsqu'elles communiquent avec leurs cibles sur les réseaux sociaux. Face à l'évolution constante des méthodes de communication, les marques doivent faire preuve de créativité afin de développer des processus efficaces capables d'atteindre des consommateurs exigeants et peu enclins à la publicité intrusive. Passer par l'intermédiaire d'un influenceur donne de la crédibilité à la campagne grâce à un message plus authentique et plus proche, relayé par un leader d'opinion. 
De plus, tout le monde aime voyager. C'est pourquoi les influenceurs qui partagent leurs expériences de voyage sont parmi les influenceurs digitaux les plus influents. Dans l'industrie du tourisme en particulier, les influenceurs ont pris une importance cruciale. En effet, les médias tels que les blogs, les plateformes de partage de vidéos et les réseaux sociaux sont particulièrement propices à la collaboration avec les influenceurs. Les influenceurs peuvent faire découvrir un lieu à leur communauté, leur donner envie de voyager dans un pays, promouvoir un moyen de transport ou une activité touristique.
Cette étude vise à en savoir plus sur le comportement des consommateurs face à ce type de publicité dans l'industrie du tourisme.

influencers --- word-of-mouth --- destination image --- social media --- travel --- influenceurs --- bouche-à-oreille --- image de la destination --- médias sociaux --- voyages --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Marketing

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"Today, social media offers an alternative broadcast and communication medium for nonprofit advocacy organizations. At the same time, social media has created a "noisy" environment that renders it more difficult for nonprofits to make their voices heard. Operating in an information-saturated landscape, populated by an audience with limited attention, organizations are struggling to effectively grab and hold onto their supporters and the general public. In The Quest for Attention, Chao Guo and Gregory D. Saxton argue that "attention" is a key intermediate goal and an important resource for advocacy organizations to effectively promote their causes. Synthesizing research, including much of the authors' own, this book discusses the challenges, strategies, and consequences of attention advocacy as organizations work to bring awareness to their struggle, tighten ties with their communities, and mobilize constituents for collective action, both online and off"--

Nonprofit organizations --- Social media --- Political activity --- Social media. --- Associations sans but lucratif --- Médias sociaux --- Political activity. --- Activité politique. --- Médias sociaux. --- Nonprofit organizations - Political activity --- User-generated media --- Communication --- User-generated content --- Advocacy. --- Attention. --- Big Data. --- Data Science. --- Impact. --- Machine Learning. --- Nonprofit Organizations. --- Online-Offline. --- Social Media Capital. --- Social Media. --- Twitter. --- Médias sociaux. --- Activité politique.

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"From Occupy, to the Indignados and the Arab Spring, the uprisings that marked the last decade ignited a re-emergence of participatory democracy as a political ideal within organizations. This pioneering book introduces cybernetic thinking to politics and organizational studies to explore the continuing development of this radical idea. With a focus on communication and how alternative social media platforms present new challenges and opportunities for radical organising, it sheds new light on the concepts of self-organization, consensus decision making, individual autonomy and collective identity. Revolutionising the way in which anarchist activists and theorists think about organizations, this unprecedented investigation makes a major contribution to the larger discussion of direct democracy."

Anarchism. --- Political participation. --- Cybernetics --- Political aspects. --- Community organization --- Political systems --- Mass communications --- Anarchists. --- Political participation --- Social media --- Anarchistes. --- Participation politique --- Médias sociaux --- Computer network resources. --- Ressources Internet. --- Aspect politique.