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"This highly practical book is an accessible and grounded handbook for addressing challenging behaviour in children and adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD), including autism. It recognises that challenging behaviour does not appear out of nowhere and is meaningful for the person exhibiting it. Behaviour can be communicative and an important signifier of underlying sensory or environmental issues. Focusing on a person-centred approach throughout, the book has advice and strategies for working with the client's families, support staff and professionals. It also presents best practice for analysing and addressing challenging behaviour in various settings such as schools, hospitals and the home, all while stressing the need to keep the human story at the heart of any assessment and intervention. Each chapter features questions for discussion or reflection and exercises for the reader to complete. Informal, frank and free of jargon, this is indispensable for professionals, parents, and anyone working with people with intellectual disability or autism."--Publisher.
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This dissertation by Lisa Palmqvist explores how to support everyday planning in adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). The research investigates whether life experience contributes to the diversity in planning performance seen in previous literature. It examines both external supports, such as assistive technology for cognition (ATC), and internal supports like cognitive abilities and life experiences. The study finds that while ATC can bolster cognitive functions, it often does not lead to independent planning by the adolescents. The research supports the difference model of ID, indicating that planning ability correlates with different cognitive measures and life experiences compared to typically developing children. Despite improvements in planning tasks through a cognitive training program, no transfer effects to untrained tasks were observed. The thesis concludes that external and internal supports can aid planning but stresses the need for ATC to be designed to enhance independence.
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"In 1983, the BC provincial government announced plans to close Tranquille, a large residential institution for persons with intellectual disabilities, located outside Kamloops. The announcement was made with no community placement plans for residents. The nearly six hundred employees of Tranquille, members of the BC Government Employees Union and the Union of Psychiatric Nurses, were alarmed at the lack of any Ministry of Human Resources planning for the future of the residents and the Ministrys stated intensions to use newly tabled legislation to terminate Tranquille employees without cause and avoid any other collective agreement obligations to employees. Consequently, BCGEU members decided to sit-in and occupy the institution by expelling management, running the institution themselves, and publicly advocating for quality community care for people with intellectual disabilities. They did so for nearly a month. Tranquility Lost chronicles the political and public policy conditions leading up to the occupation, the day-to-day activities of the occupation itself, the challenges faced by the workers, and negotiations leading to an agreement. Steeves account profiles the courage of Tranquille employees and their unprecedented use of collective bargaining as a tool to address conditions faced by government clients as well as government employees themselves."--
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Developmental disabilities --- Intellectual disability. --- Developmental disabilities. --- Idiocy --- Intellectual disabilities --- Mental deficiency --- Mental retardation --- Psychology, Pathological --- People with mental disabilities --- Disabilities --- Developmentally disabled --- Research.
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La compréhension des mécanismes d’acquisition lexicale est une condition essentielle à la mise en place de programmes d’intervention adaptés et efficaces dans ce domaine. Bien que le développement du vocabulaire de l’enfant tout-venant soit étudié depuis de nombreuses années au sein de la littérature, il n’en va pas de même pour l’enfant présentant une déficience intellectuelle. Comment ces enfants acquièrent-ils de nouveaux mots ? De quelle manière développent-ils de nouveaux concepts ? Utilisent-ils des stratégies et mécanismes qui leur sont propres ? Ces questions soulèvent un enjeu clinique et éducatif. Dans un objectif d’optimisation de l’apprentissage, nous avons tenté de mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-tendant le développement lexical et la catégorisation chez les enfants présentant une déficience intellectuelle. La relation avec le fonctionnement exécutif a été abordée via l’administration de tests adaptés aux limites de la déficience intellectuelle. Les stratégies de catégorisation utilisées préférentiellement par ce type de population ont également été étudiées par des tâches expérimentales d’apprentissage de nouveaux mots imaginaires (pseudo-mots). Finalement, le dernier intérêt de recherche de cette étude concernait les conditions favorables à l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots. Plus précisément, nous avons manipulé la distance conceptuelle (proche vs. éloignée) entre les items d’apprentissage et de généralisation. Les résultats de cette étude ont permis d’obtenir des réponses à ce propos et d’éclairer certaines questions de recherche essentielles. Une corrélation entre la catégorisation de nouvelles relations et les fonctions exécutives a pu être mise en évidence. La mémoire de travail et la flexibilité se révèlent être des domaines en lien avec les capacités à découvrir de nouvelles relations entre les mots, par analogie. L’étude des stratégies et mécanismes utilisés par les enfants présentant une déficience intellectuelle dans l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots a également mené à des résultats intéressants. Nous observons la présence d’un biais perceptif, normal dans le développement typique du jeune enfant, mais qui persiste chez les enfants plus âgés présentant une déficience mentale. La présence de celui-ci augmente d’ailleurs avec le degré de sévérité de la déficience. L’étude de l’apprentissage de nouvelles relations nous a permis de mettre en évidence l’utilisation de stratégies différentes en fonction du niveau de fonctionnement intellectuel. Alors qu’une stratégie mature et efficiente est observée chez les enfants de plus haut fonctionnement (AM=5;6-6 ans, AC=15;5 ans), les enfants de plus faible niveau cognitif (AM=4-4;6ans, AC=10;6 ans) semblent dépassés par la demande cognitive nécessaire à la réalisation d’analogies. Par conséquent, ils fournissent des réponses au hasard. Finalement, la manipulation de la distance conceptuelle n’aura donné aucun résultat en faveur d’une distance proche ou éloignée. Les enfants avec une déficience intellectuelle catégorisent des nouveaux mots indépendamment de la distance conceptuelle présente entre les items d’apprentissage et de généralisation.
Catégorisation --- Catégorisation lexicale --- Lexique --- Développement lexical --- Fonctions exécutives --- Déficience intellectuelle --- Categorization --- Lexical development --- Intellectual disability --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Traitement & psychologie clinique
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Those They Called Idiots traces the little-known lives of people with learning disabilities from the communities of eighteenth-century England to the nineteenth-century asylum, to care in today's society. Using evidence from civil and criminal courtrooms, joke books, slang dictionaries, novels, art, and caricature, it explores the explosive intermingling of ideas about intelligence and race, while bringing into sharp focus the lives of people often seen as the most marginalized in society.
Learning disabled --- History --- Social conditions --- Idiotie --- Histoire. --- Intellectual disability --- History. --- Learning disabled - Great Britain - History --- Learning disabled - Social conditions --- Learning disabled. --- Personnes en difficulté d'apprentissage --- Social conditions. --- Conditions sociales. --- Histoire --- Great Britain.
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This volume advocates an optimistic new conceptual and practical approach to adulthood, aging, and education for individuals with intellectual disability (ID) across the lifespan. The compensation age theory (CAT) at the heart of this book suggests that the adulthood period in populations with ID may be characterized by processes of cognitive development, growth, and neural sprouting, rather than stagnation or even decline. Empirical findings indicate the contribution of chronological age, maturity, and accumulating life experiences to adults’ continued cognitive growth and intelligence, as a result of direct mediation, cognitive intervention, and academic learning as well as exposure to indirect learning. Grounded in cumulative evidence for the CAT, the book presents comprehensive analysis of a practical holistic educational intervention model for enhancing adults’ Cognition (literacy), Affect (including autonomy), and Behavior (adaptive behavior skills), including operative strategies, mediational parameters, and guidance for change agents in diverse settings. This triple CAB model offers detailed tools for promoting the cognitive improvement and invigoration of adults with ID in during ADL, vocational and leisure activities, at all severity levels ranging from mild and moderate to severe and profound, across different ID etiologies including Down syndrome, and even at advanced ages for adults with ID exhibiting comorbid Alzheimer’s.
People with mental disabilities. --- Intellectual disability. --- Developmental psychology. --- Quality of life. --- Educational psychology. --- Education --- Psychology --- Life, Quality of --- Economic history --- Human ecology --- Life --- Social history --- Basic needs --- Human comfort --- Social accounting --- Work-life balance --- Development (Psychology) --- Developmental psychobiology --- Life cycle, Human --- Idiocy --- Intellectual disabilities --- Mental deficiency --- Mental retardation --- Developmental disabilities --- Psychology, Pathological --- People with mental disabilities --- Intellectually disabled persons --- Mental disabilities, People with --- Mentally deficient persons --- Mentally disabled persons --- Mentally disordered persons --- Mentally handicapped --- Mentally retarded persons --- People with intellectual disabilities --- Retarded persons --- People with disabilities --- Intellectual disability --- Mentally ill --- Education—Psychology. --- Developmental Psychology. --- Quality of Life Research. --- Educational Psychology.
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Digital Technology is becoming ever more used by people with learning disabilities for information, entertainment and to enjoy self-expression. Despite this, there is a paucity of research into how this cohort negotiate electronic interfaces, interpret images, navigate pages and read online; what barriers there might be, and how these could be obviated. This book explores these issues, establishing how these and other factors facilitate or inhibit information access and behaviour more generally. There are plenty of guidelines and accessibility standards regarding electronic information presentation, but most are outdated or have been formulated without empirical evidence. Unlike prior literature this book is the result of many years's research in the field, considers specific information contexts, and develops new concepts in information behaviour. It is written in non-technical, jargon-free language, relevant for academics, students and professionals; from human-computer interaction researchers, learning disability specialists and information scientists to formal and informal carers and supporters, college tutors, family members and others.
People with mental disabilities --- Cyberinfrastructure. --- Computer network resources. --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Information technology --- Computer networks --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- Intellectually disabled persons --- Mental disabilities, People with --- Mentally deficient persons --- Mentally disabled persons --- Mentally disordered persons --- Mentally handicapped --- Mentally retarded persons --- People with intellectual disabilities --- Retarded persons --- People with disabilities --- Intellectual disability --- Mentally ill --- Distributed processing
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