Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The transport industry has entered a period of rapid advancement, and the pace of change is only increasing. The proliferation of electric vehicles, rapid advances in autonomous vehicles, the advent of the sharing economy and digital platforms, advances in big data and machine learning, and rapidly evolving business models, such as eCommerce and Mobility as a Service (MaaS), are causing profound changes throughout the sector. The development and rollout of fifth-generation (5G) mobile broadband has the potential to not only support, but accelerate these revolutionary changes as today's digital transport solutions evolve and entirely new opportunities become viable. 5G presents a variety of benefits over previous generations of wireless connectivity, including greater bandwidth, lower latency, capacity to dedicate resources for critical functions, potential for greatly expanded numbers of devices, and easy sharing of data. In some cases, we see dramatic and exponential gains from previous technologies. Each of these 5G features will have an impact in the transport sector, contributing to transport-specific applications. Of these, three key opportunities present themselves: (1) revolutionary advancements in the potential connectivity of vehicles, (2) an increase in the number and ubiquity of connected devices, and (3) improved data availability for transport operations and management. When applying these new technologies to transport, changes can be expected across the sector, with-to some extent-no corner left untouched. While impossible to foresee all potential applications, the study predicts three likely and significant changes: (1) the rise of connected and autonomous vehicles, (2) increasingly smart and efficient logistics, and (3) improved urban transportation with the implementation of MaaS platforms. Figure E.1 highlights some of these key impact linkages between 5G and the transport sector. 5G-enabled vehicles will differ from those in use today, with business models in the transport sector expected to differ significantly from the current paradigm. Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will bring together a series of changes impacting the sector, including connectivity, electrification, autonomy, and new business models such as MaaS. While the connectivity provided by 5G represents only one enabling facet of this equation, it fundamentally changes the overall potential scope and viability of the model.

Employment --- ICT Applications --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Logistics --- Transport --- Urban Development

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Like Dar es Salaam, many large cities face major transport challenges due to the continuous growth of the urban population, private vehicle ownership, congestion, and the fragility of public transportation systems. Transport can become a constraint on both economic growth and social development and inclusion, along with increased negative impacts on health and on the environment. Because of the increasing use of modern technology, transportation has become a data-rich industry. By bringing the data together, and by using open formats, the data can be used for innovative applications to help relieve urban traffic congestion, to improve the provision and operation of public transport services, and to reduce environmental damage with the goal of improving the lives of citizens. The use of data enables transport planners, operators, and users to obtain additional economic, social, and environmental benefits from the physical transport investment and infrastructure. This report shows that Dar es Salaam is on the cusp of a transport data revolution. Generally, the conclusions are that there are no major blocks to progress, but in many areas, there is a lot of work that will need to be done over time.

ICT Applications --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Public Transit --- Railways Transport --- Roads and Highways --- Transport --- Urban Development

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The 2020 G20 Presidency mandated the Infrastructure Working Group (IWG) to develop an agenda to accelerate the adoption and application of technology-enabled infrastructure (InfraTech). This agenda supports two existing IWG initiatives-the Roadmap to Infrastructure as an Asset Class, and the G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII). Technology supports the roadmap by providing enhanced data, tools, and transparency for investors. In addition, it creates new investment opportunities by creating new markets, business models and potential for enhanced revenues. InfraTech also supports QII, as many technologies maximize the positive impact of infrastructure by enhancing sustainability, inclusivity, and resilience. The potential economic efficiencies that new technologies offer also help attain value for money across the project lifecycle and potentially reduce upfront or recurring public financial outlays. InfraTech also provides valuable tools for governments to respond to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) health and economic crisis. This reference note supports the InfraTech Agenda by outlining priority areas and tools for policymakers to implement the agenda. This paper focuses on the transport, energy, water, and digital infrastructure sectors.

ICT Applications --- ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Finance

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper presents firm-level estimates of revenue-based total factor productivity premiums of manufacturing firms adopting digital technology in 82 developing economies over 2002-19. The paper estimates productivity using the control function approach and assuming an endogenous revenue-based total factor productivity process, which is a function of multiple firm-choice variables. It estimates the effects of digital technology adoption, learning by exporting, and managerial experience on revenue-based total factor productivity and factor demand. The results reject the 0 hypothesis of an exogenous revenue-based total factor productivity process, in favor of one in which digital technology adoption, along with the other choice variables, affects revenue-based total factor productivity and factor demand. The estimated premiums are positive for 67.3 (email adoption), 54.6 (website adoption), 59.4 (learning by exporting), and 60.6 (managerial experience) percent of the sample. The probability-adjusted median (log) revenue-based total factor productivity premium associated with email adoption is 1.6 percent and that of website adoption is 2.2 percent, with the latter being higher than the premiums corresponding to exporting and managerial experience. On average, changes in digital technology adoption, email, and website are labor and capital augmenting. The paper also explores the role of complementarities among the firm choice variables.

Digital Technology --- E-Business --- Enterprise Development and Reform --- ICT Applications --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Jobs --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Economics --- Total Factor Productivity

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report aims to present the rationale for digitization of agribusiness payments in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), assess the current status of digitization using demand and supply-side data, and identify key actions that can help accelerate digitization. The report draws on an analysis of financial-inclusion data from the Global Findex database, a survey administered to select agribusinesses active in SSA (henceforth referred to as the Africa Agribusiness Payments Survey, or AAPS), and case studies of select agribusinesses that responded to this survey. The Findex data analysis leverages questions in the survey that identify whether the respondent had received payment against the sale of an agricultural good; how the payment was received, in cash or through a digital means, defined to include an account at a bank or non-bank financial institution, mobile money account, or a card, and, if an account holder, whether the account was opened to receive an agricultural payment. The AAPS was administered to purposefully selected agribusinesses active in SSA, with either a regional or national scope. Some firms were added to the survey since they were known to have an active digitization program, but this was not a requirement for inclusion in the survey.

Agribusiness --- Agriculture --- Crop Insurance --- E-Finance and E-Security --- Finance and Development --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- ICT Applications --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Mobile Money --- Poverty