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Since the twelfth century, theologians have found a counterfactual question irresistible: "If Adam had not sinned, would the Son have become incarnate?" In the latter half of the twentieth century, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Hans Küng, Gerhard Ludwig Müller, Karl Rahner, Karl Barth, Wolfhart Pannenburg, Jürgen Moltmann, and Robert Jenson all considered this question on the reason, or motive, for the incarnation. Nearly every case refers to the classic disagreement between those who follow Thomas Aquinas and those who follow John Duns Scotus. Though it is common to claim Thomas or Scotus as one's authority, the theological debates among which Thomas and Scotus developed their own positions remain largely neglected. This study fills that gap. If Adam Had Not Sinned is a study of the medieval debates over the motive for the incarnation from Anselm of Canterbury to John Duns Scotus. While the volume is primarily focused on thirteenth-century debates at the University of Paris, it also supplies necessary historical background to those debates. As a result, the larger context within which Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus developed their influential responses is detailed. This larger context permits an analysis that leads to the surprising claim, against widespread assumptions, that the responses given by Thomas and Scotus are substantially reconcilable.

Incarnation --- History of doctrines

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"'Plus peut-être que celle de l'homme d'autrefois, la mentalité contemporaine semble s'opposer au Dieu de miséricorde, et elle tend à éliminer de la vie et à ôter du coeur humain la notion même de miséricorde.' Ces mots de saint Jean-Paul II résument bien la raison pour laquelle le thème de la miséricorde s'est de plus en plus imposé dans l'enseignement du Magistère. Il existe pourtant dans notre société une véritable promotion de la compassion, qui semble même être devenue la seule norme admise pour construire une éthique. De fait, cette disposition touche à ce qu'il y a de plus intime à l'homme, son agir moral et sa dignité de personne humaine. Elle ne peut laisser indifférent. Pour répondre aux appels de l'Église comme aux défis que lance la société contemporaine, cet ouvrage s'attache à dégager les principaux aspects de la vertu de miséricorde. Comment passer d'un simple sentiment à une vertu efficace? La miséricorde se rattache-t-elle à la justice ou à la charité? Est-ce une vertu essentiellement chrétienne ou existe-t-il une miséricorde naturelle? Quel rôle joue-t-elle sur le plan social? Voilà les questions auxquelles ce livre tente de répondre en scrutant la pensée de saint Thomas d'Aquin. Né en 1983, le père Jean-Baptiste Cazelle est entré au monastère bénédictin de Notre-Dame de Fontgombault en 2003. Il a achevé ses études de théologie à l'institut Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Toulouse) en 2018." --

Mercy --- History of doctrines --- Thomas,

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The Christian doctrine of justification is of immense interest to historians and theologians ,and continues to be of major importance in modern ecumenical discussions. The present work appeared in its first edition in 1986, and rapidly became the leading reference work on the subject. Its many acclaimed features include a detailed assessment of the semantic background of the concept in the Ancient Near East, a thorough examination of the doctrine of the medieval period, and an especially careful analysis of its development during the critical years of the sixteenth century. The substantially rewritten fourth edition thoroughly updates the work, responding to the latest developments in scholarly literature and user feedback. It will remain an essential resource for all concerned with the development of Christian doctrine, the history of the Reformation debates on the identity of Christianity, and modern discussions between Protestants and Roman Catholics over the nature of salvation.

Justification (Christian theology) --- History of doctrines.

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"Examines the unique and lasting features of Thomas Aquinas's understanding of Christian satisfaction, centered on the notion of the reformation of the image of God in man"--

Satisfaction for sin --- History of doctrines --- Thomas,

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The work presented by Metropolitan Mar Severios is a valuable contribution on behalf of churches adhering to miaphysite Christology in the context of ecumenical conversations between church representatives of various christological positions.

Philoxenus Mabbugensis --- Jesus Christ --- History of doctrines