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Der demografische Wandel stellt die Kommunen u. a. aufgrund der Kinder- und Jugendlastigkeit der kommunalen Ausgaben und Kostenremanenzeffekten vor vielgestaltige Herausforderungen. Diese Effekte überprüft Tim Starke auf Basis eines Datensatzes für die Gemeinden Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns im Zeitraum 2000-2016. Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass ein Bevölkerungsrückgang und höhere Anteile der unter 6-Jährigen sowie 6- bis 18-Jährigen zu einem höheren Niveau der Zuschussbeträge je Einwohner führen. Der entlastende Effekt eines Anstiegs der über 65-Jährigen fällt zudem weitaus geringer aus als der belastende Effekt durch eine rückläufige Einwohnerzahl. Zusätzlich zeigen die Resultate der geografisch gewichteten Regression einen statistisch signifikant stärkeren Kostenremanenzeffekt in Gemeinden mit einem höheren Bevölkerungsrückgang. Die Effekte der demografischen Entwicklung sollten daher bei der Bestimmung des Finanzbedarfs im Schlüsselzuweisungssystem des Kommunalen Finanzausgleichs differenziert berücksichtigt werden.
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This thesis by Johanna Sylvander explores the influence of clients on the social identities within the Swedish audit profession. It examines how auditors’ professional behavior and independence are shaped by their identification with various social groups, including audit firms, clients, and stakeholders. The study distinguishes between small client auditors and large client auditors, highlighting differences in their roles and values, particularly regarding professionalism and independence. Through qualitative and quantitative research, the thesis provides insights into the expectations and perceptions of current and former audit employees. The findings suggest that the roles and social identities within the audit arena can impact the recruitment and retention of auditors, as well as the public's perception of the profession. The work is intended for academic and professional audiences interested in understanding the dynamics of social identity and independence in auditing.
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'We are not artists nor musicians. We are workers.' Ignoring nearly all rock traditions, experimenting in near-total secrecy in their Düsseldorf studio, Kraftwerk fused sound and technology, graphic design and performance, modernist Bauhaus aesthetics and Rhineland industrialisation - even human and machine - to change the course of modern music. This is the story of Kraftwerk the cultural phenomenon, who turned electronic music into avant-garde concept art and created the soundtrack to our digital age.
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This manual provides a framework to strategically think about and practice collaboration with others within and outside various disciplines. Aware of the different approaches in accordance with discipline, gender, and career goals, through case studies from lived experiences, the editors have compiled guidelines on: • How to start, build and maintain collaborative networks with diverse audiences, • The opportunities that exist internally and externally to networks, • How to resolve conflicts, overcome resistance, and build trust and confidence. With a wide scope in both content and reach, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and their supporters alike, particularly those who are looking to engage with various audiences such as individuals, institutions, private companies, and governments.
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