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Quel rôle ont joué les ministères des Finances et de l’Économie dans la construction européenne ? Comment ont réagi les différentes administrations, les hauts fonctionnaires face aux nouveautés structurelles, monétaires et fiscales ? Quelles solutions a-t-on trouvé hors de l’Hexagone ? Les trente intervenants réunis lors de ce colloque apportent leurs réponses à ces questions. Leurs communications sont regroupées autour de quatre thèmes : politiques économiques et concertations dans les années soixante et soixante-dix ; administration et culture européenne ; naissance d’une politique monétaire européenne ; négociations de la PAC et du GATT. Ces Actes sont complétés par la publication du témoignage d’acteurs de la construction européenne autour de l’union monétaire, des plans Barre et Werner et de l’harmonisation des taxes sur la valeur ajoutée dans les années soixante et soixante-dix.

History of France --- anno 1970-1979 --- anno 1960-1969 --- anno 1950-1959 --- Monetary policy --- Fiscal policy --- Finance ministers --- Europe --- Economic integration --- AA / International- internationaal --- 334.150.0 --- NBB multivolumes --- NBB congres --- Institutionele aspecten EG: algemeenheden. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Institutionele aspecten EG: algemeenheden --- Monetary policy - European Economic Community countries - Congresses. --- Fiscal policy - European Economic Community countries - Congresses. --- Finance ministers - European Economic Community countries - Congresses. --- Europe - Economic integration - Congresses. --- Finance secretaries --- Ministers of finance --- Secretaries of finance --- Cabinet officers --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- ministère des Finances --- minstère de l’Économie --- Union europénne --- administration --- haute fonction publique --- culture européenne --- planification nationale --- Marché commun --- banque --- douane

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This book assesses the Statute for a European Cooperative Society (SCE) regarding agricultural activities by comparing how specific questions arising in this context must be dealt with under the Italian and Austrian legal systems. In this regard, Council Regulation (EC) No. 1435/2003, of 22 July 2003, on the Statute for a European Cooperative Society (SCE), is used as a tool for the structured analysis of various aspects of agricultural cooperatives. However, a comparison is only meaningful if the results are made comparable on the basis of a previously defined standard. Accordingly, the study uses, on one hand, a cooperative model developed by European legal scholars that defines general guidelines on how cooperatives should function (PECOL). On the other, the results are presented in connection with economic considerations to discuss how efficient rules can be developed.

Agriculture, Cooperative --- Commercial law --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- Law and economics. --- European Economic Law. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Law and Economics. --- Economics and jurisprudence --- Economics and law --- Jurisprudence and economics --- Economics --- Jurisprudence --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Law --- Legal polycentricity --- European Economic Community countries. --- Civil law

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This book provides a comprehensive examination of the interaction between Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI) and EU competition law, covering in particular Article 106 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and state aid rules. It also takes the telecommunications, postal service and transport sectors as case studies, taking into account the technological, economic and political backgrounds to these sectors. The area of SGEI has undergone fundamental developments over the past three decades and the most recent changes in the Lisbon Treaty, recognizing SGEI as a shared value and granting explicit competence to the EU, mark its constitutional significance. The key issue is how to balance economic values underlying competitive markets and non-economic public service values such as universal access to essential services. The essence of the question is the relationship between the market and the state. This controversial issue is addressed through a critical analysis of a number of landmark EU Court judgments and Commission decisions over the decades. Offering a clear appreciation of the evolution of the EU regulatory framework on SGEI that lays out the limits and boundaries within which the Member States define, organize and fund SGEI, the book is particularly aimed at academics with a research interest in the interaction between public services and EU competition law, but as it also demonstrates clearly how the application of EU competition law has transformed the public utilities sectors, it will be of interest to law makers, legal professionals and policy makers as well. Dr. Lei Zhu is a Research Associate at the Institute of International Law at Wuhan University in Wuhan, China. He studied at the Institute for Competition & Procurement Studies of the Bangor University Law School in Wales, United Kingdom, where he obtained his PhD in law in 2015.

International law. --- Law and economics. --- Commercial law --- Economics and jurisprudence --- Economics and law --- Jurisprudence and economics --- Economics --- Jurisprudence --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Law—Europe. --- Trade. --- European Law. --- International Economic Law, Trade Law. --- Law and Economics. --- European Economic Law. --- European Economic Community countries.

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This book examines the relationship between the EU investor protection regulations enshrined in MiFID and MiFID II and national contract and torts law. It describes how the effect of the conduct of business rules as implemented in national financial supervision legislation in private law extends to the issue of enforcement, and critically assesses this interaction from the perspective of EU law. In particular, the conclusions identified in the book will deepen readers’ understanding of the interplay between the conduct of business rules and private law norms governing a firm’s liability to pay damages, such as duty of care, attributability of damage, causation, contributory negligence and limitation. In turn, the book identifies the subordination and the complementarity model to conceptualise the interaction between the conduct of business rules and private law norms. Moreover, the book challenges the view that civil courts are – or should be – forced to give private law effects to violation of the MiFID and MiFID II conduct of business rules in line with the subordination model. Instead, the complementarity model is advanced as the preferred approach to this interaction in view of what MiFID and MiFID II require from Member States in terms of their implementation, as well as the desirability of each model. This model presupposes that courts should consider the conduct of business rules when adjudicating individual disputes, while preserving the autonomy of private law norms governing liability of investment firms towards clients. Based on analysis of case law of courts in Germany, the Netherlands and England & Wales, as well as scholarly literature, the book also compares the available causes of action, the conditions of liability and the obstacles investors face when claiming damages, as well as how and the extent to which investors can benefit from the conduct of business rules in clearing these obstacles. In so doing, under the approach adopted by national courts to the interplay between the conduct of business rules of EU origin and private law, the book shows how investors can benefit from the influence of these rules on private law norms. In closing, it demonstrates a hybridisation of private law remedies resulting from the accommodation of the conduct of business rules into the private law discourse according to the complementarity model, illustrating how judicial enforcement through private law means may contribute to investor protection.

Commercial law --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- Economic policy. --- European Economic Law. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Economic Policy. --- European Economic Community countries. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Law --- Legal polycentricity --- Civil law

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This book addresses topical questions concerning the legal framework of trade in services, and assesses how these issues are dealt with in GATS and in selected preferential trade agreements. In addition, the chapters discuss whether the differences and similarities (if any) are evidence of greater coherence or greater divergence. The book combines the individual analyses to provide a more comprehensive picture of the current law on services trade liberalisation. A quarter of a century after the conclusion of the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS), international law on trade in services is still in a state of flux: on the one hand, countries increasingly conclude bilateral and regional trade agreements with sections on trade in services that aim at a further liberalisation of services trade. On the other, the GATS structure remains the dominant model and serves as the basis for many preferential trade agreements. In addition, new aspects such as electronic commerce, data protection and taxation are now emerging, while issues that had already manifested in the mid-1990s such as financial services regulation, labour mobility, and telecommunications continue to be problematic. Usually, the debates focus on the question of whether preferential trade agreements serve as a stepping-stone or stumbling block for trade liberalisation at the multilateral level. However, it can be assumed that rules on trade in services in preferential trade agreements will coexist with the global GATS regime for the foreseeable future. This raises the question of whether we’re currently witnessing a drive towards greater coherence or more divergence in agreements on trade in services.

Trade regulation. --- Regulation of trade --- Regulatory reform --- Trade regulation --- Commercial law --- Consumer protection --- Deregulation --- Law and legislation --- International law. --- Trade. --- International economics. --- International Economic Law, Trade Law. --- European Economic Law. --- International Economics. --- European Economic Community countries. --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions