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Art --- sculpture [visual works] --- drawing [image-making] --- geometric figures --- cast iron --- human figures [visual works] --- Gormley, Antony

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The demand for cast iron components, with weights ranging from a few kilograms to several tons, has increased significantly in recent years, both for technical and economic reasons. In fact, the lower cost compared to other alloys, and the good castability, which allow one to obtain near-net shape components in as-cast conditions, and the mechanical properties that can be obtained, are just some of the motivations that attract mechanical designers. However, correct design requires a good knowledge of the intrinsic correlation among alloy chemical composition, process parameters, microstructure (with casting defects) and mechanical properties. This book is aimed at collecting excellent and recent research experimental and theoretical works in this filed. Technological (say, wear resistance and weldability) and mechanical properties (say, Young modulus, static and fatigue strength) of different grades of cast irons, ranging from solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron to compacted graphite iron as well as white and nodular cast irons, are correlated with the alloy chemical composition, process parameters and casting dimension.

boundary element method (BEM) --- periodic boundary conditions --- representative volume elements (RVEs) --- effective elastic properties --- homogenization --- lamellar graphite iron --- ultimate tensile strength --- primary austenite --- gravity casting process simulation --- nodular cast iron --- effective Young’s modulus --- computational homogenization --- multiscale numerical methods --- micro-CT --- finite elements --- n/a --- silicon solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron --- thickness --- solidification time --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- fatigue --- thermal analysis --- weldability --- pre-heating --- spheroidal graphite cast iron --- ductile cast irons --- tensile tests --- plasticity modelling --- compacted graphite iron --- minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) --- drilling machinability --- dry machining --- ductile iron --- cooling rate --- segregation --- cast iron --- high-chromium --- abrasive wear --- niobium alloying --- high chromium cast irons --- eutectic carbide --- carbide volume fraction --- chemical composition --- image analysis --- simulation --- MatCalc --- hardness --- effective Young's modulus

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In several industrial fields (such as automotive, steelmaking, aerospace, and fire protection systems) metals need to withstand a combination of cyclic loadings and high temperatures. In this condition, they usually exhibit an amount—more or less pronounced—of plastic deformation, often accompanied by creep or stress-relaxation phenomena. Plastic deformation under the action of cyclic loadings may cause fatigue cracks to appear, eventually leading to failures after a few cycles. In estimating the material strength under such loading conditions, the high-temperature material behavior needs to be considered against cyclic loading and creep, the experimental strength to isothermal/non-isothermal cyclic loadings and, not least of all, the choice and experimental calibration of numerical material models and the selection of the most comprehensive design approach. This book is a series of recent scientific contributions addressing several topics in the field of experimental characterization and physical-based modeling of material behavior and design methods against high-temperature loadings, with emphasis on the correlation between microstructure and strength. Several material types are considered, from stainless steel, aluminum alloys, Ni-based superalloys, spheroidal graphite iron, and copper alloys. The quality of scientific contributions in this book can assist scholars and scientists with their research in the field of metal plasticity, creep, and low-cycle fatigue.

aluminum cast --- partial constraint --- n/a --- fatigue criterion --- thermo-mechanical fatigue --- stress relaxation aging behavior --- stainless steel --- constitutive models --- environmentally-assisted cracking --- initial stress levels --- slip system-based shear stresses --- thermomechanical fatigue --- activation volume --- engineering design --- pore distribution --- experimental set-ups --- tensile tests --- elevated temperature --- creep --- economy --- LCF --- fatigue strength --- hardening/softening --- hardness --- pore accumulation --- defects --- kinematic model --- Sanicro 25 --- probabilistic design --- AA7150-T7751 --- strain rate --- crack growth models --- bcc --- probabilistic Schmid factors --- isotropic model --- crack-tip cyclic plasticity --- anisotropy --- creep fatigue --- X-ray micro computer tomography --- temperature --- transient effects --- aluminum-silicon cylinder head --- spheroidal cast iron --- Probabilistic modeling --- pre-strain --- crack-tip blunting and sharpening --- high temperature steels --- lost foam --- thermal–mechanical fatigue --- cyclic plasticity --- flow stress --- Ni-base superalloy --- pure fatigue --- René80 --- polycrystalline FEA --- constitutive modelling --- thermal-mechanical fatigue --- René80

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This Special Issue addresses the important issue of the energy efficiency of both manufacturing processes and systems. Manufacturing is responsible for one-third of global energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Thus, improving the energy efficiency of production has been the focus of research in recent years. Energy efficiency has begun to be considered as one of the key decision-making attributes for manufacturing. This book includes recent studies on methods for the measurement of energy efficiency, tools and techniques for the analysis and development of improvements with regards to energy consumption, modeling and simulation of energy efficiency, and the integration of green and lean manufacturing. This book presents a breadth of relevant information, material, and knowledge to support research, policy-making, practices, and experience transferability to address the issues of energy efficiency.

energy consumption --- scheduling approach --- mixed-flow shop --- multi-objective optimisation --- tardiness fine --- energy efficiency --- sustainable machining --- multi-objective optimization --- multi-criteria decision making method --- small quantity cooling lubrication SQCL --- cu nanofluid --- remote laser welding --- energy-efficient process --- machine learning --- welding process --- neural network --- knowledge representation --- fuzzy reasoning Petri net --- energy efficient operation --- manufacturing system --- Manufacturing --- life-cycle assessment --- aluminum --- cast iron --- pulp --- paper --- structural change --- compressed air systems --- energy data analysis --- energy measures --- performance control --- operations --- maintenance --- energy accounting --- laser drilling --- percussion --- trepanning --- productivity --- cost --- material removal rate (MRR) --- specific energy consumption (SEC) --- Taguchi --- hole taper --- IN 718 --- electric discharge machining --- response surface methodology --- sustainability --- surface quality --- microstructure --- multi-criteria decision making --- process planning --- manufacturing energy efficiency --- clean manufacturing --- sustainable manufacturing --- digital manufacturing

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This Special Issue addresses the important issue of the energy efficiency of both manufacturing processes and systems. Manufacturing is responsible for one-third of global energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Thus, improving the energy efficiency of production has been the focus of research in recent years. Energy efficiency has begun to be considered as one of the key decision-making attributes for manufacturing. This book includes recent studies on methods for the measurement of energy efficiency, tools and techniques for the analysis and development of improvements with regards to energy consumption, modeling and simulation of energy efficiency, and the integration of green and lean manufacturing. This book presents a breadth of relevant information, material, and knowledge to support research, policy-making, practices, and experience transferability to address the issues of energy efficiency.

History of engineering & technology --- energy consumption --- scheduling approach --- mixed-flow shop --- multi-objective optimisation --- tardiness fine --- energy efficiency --- sustainable machining --- multi-objective optimization --- multi-criteria decision making method --- small quantity cooling lubrication SQCL --- cu nanofluid --- remote laser welding --- energy-efficient process --- machine learning --- welding process --- neural network --- knowledge representation --- fuzzy reasoning Petri net --- energy efficient operation --- manufacturing system --- Manufacturing --- life-cycle assessment --- aluminum --- cast iron --- pulp --- paper --- structural change --- compressed air systems --- energy data analysis --- energy measures --- performance control --- operations --- maintenance --- energy accounting --- laser drilling --- percussion --- trepanning --- productivity --- cost --- material removal rate (MRR) --- specific energy consumption (SEC) --- Taguchi --- hole taper --- IN 718 --- electric discharge machining --- response surface methodology --- sustainability --- surface quality --- microstructure --- multi-criteria decision making --- process planning --- manufacturing energy efficiency --- clean manufacturing --- sustainable manufacturing --- digital manufacturing