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En 1966, un étudiant africain américain de 25 ans, Stokely Carmichael, utilise pour la première fois le terme de "black power", qui ne peut se réduire au seul prisme politique. Le Black Power c'est toute une culture, vaste, à part entière. Elle s'exprime sous différentes formes, dans la littérature, via des figures comme James Baldwin ou Maya Angelou, les arts plastiques, de Kerry James Marshall à Jamel Shabazz, sur petit et grand écran, grâce notamment à la Blaxploitation ou Spike Lee, ainsi que dans la musique, vecteur crucial. De Sam Cooke, qui annonce en 1964 A Change Is Gonna Come à Aretha Franklin, qui réclame le Respect, N. W. A. qui lance Fuck tha Police ... la soul, le jazz, le hip-hop, la house ou encore le funk ont permis de porter les voix des Noirs américains dans des contextes tendus si ce n'est discriminatoires. En témoignent le refus de Muhammad Ali de partir au Vietnam, le poing levé de Tommie Smith aux J. O. de Mexico, 1968 ; en témoigne aujourd'hui la vague de protestations suscitée par le meurtre de George Floyd. Suivant un fil chronologique, se partageant entre états des lieux socioculturels, chroniques de disques, films, livres et oeuvres d'art(s) incontournables, portraits ou courts récits d'événements légendaires, Black Power propose un panorama "pop culture" sur plus de cinquante années, des fifties à nos jours, du Mississippi Goddam ! de Nina Simone au Black Lives Matter d'aujourd'hui.

Culture populaire --- Artistes noirs américains --- Black power --- Dans la culture populaire

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"This book is a sweeping story of black internationalism across the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean worlds, told through the life and work of twentieth-century environmental activist Pauulu Kamarakafego. Quito Swan shows how Kamarakafego helped connect liberation efforts of the African diaspora throughout the Global South"--

Kamarakafego, Pauulu. --- Internationalism. --- Pan-Africanism. --- African diaspora. --- Blacks --- Black nationalism. --- History. --- Black separatism --- Nationalism --- Nationalism, Black --- Separatism, Black --- Black power --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Black diaspora --- Diaspora, African --- Human geography --- Africans --- African relations --- African cooperation --- Regionalism (International organization) --- Intellectual cooperation --- International cooperation --- Cosmopolitanism --- International education --- Politics and government --- Race identity --- Migrations --- Black people --- Black persons --- Transatlantic slave trade

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Rap and Politics maps out fifty years of political and musical development by exploring three specific moments of local discourse, each a response to failures by local, state, and national governments to address police brutality, violence, poverty, and poor social conditions in Oakland, California and the surrounding Bay Area. First, in the mid-1960s, Black youth responded to repressive political and socioeconomic factors in West Oakland by founding the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, whose representation of violence and community aid, as well as its radical and militant approach to Black Nationalism, became a foundational discourse that shaped the development of rap music in the region. Second, from the collapse of the Party in the early 1980s through the 1990s, gangster rap emerged as a form of political expression among local youth, who drew heavily on radical and militant elements of Panther discourse in their lyrics and artwork. Third, hyphy music in the mid-1990s to early 2000s continued these radical discourses and also incorporated coordinated, subversive public behavior to the mix. The result was a critique of endemic problems facing the local Black community, but also an infectious subgenre of party music that gained mainstream popularity. Overall, this study shows that the specific types of representation created to resist problems of racism and poverty in Oakland is actually key to understanding other rap undergrounds, grassroots subcultures, and social movements elsewhere. In the process, Rap and Politics offers readers a new model focused on the development of settings, representation, movements, discourse banks, and impact within underground rap scenes. Lavar Pope is Clinical Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arrupe College of Loyola University Chicago, USA.

Political science. --- Music. --- African Americans. --- Political communication. --- Political Science. --- African American Culture. --- Political Communication. --- Political communication --- Political science --- African Americans --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Black power --- Rap (Music) --- Racism --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Critical race theory --- Race relations --- Hip-hop music --- Rap songs --- Rappin' (Music) --- Rapping (Music) --- Monologues with music --- Popular music --- Trip hop (Music) --- Power, Black --- Black nationalism --- History --- Political aspects. --- Black Panther Party --- Black Panthers --- BPP (Black Panther Party) --- B.P.P. (Black Panther Party) --- Black Panther Party for Self-Defense --- History. --- Music and race --- Political aspects --- Culture. --- Communication in politics. --- Cultural sociology --- Culture --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Black people --- Social aspects

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The remarkable history of how college presidents, through their roles at American colleges and universities, shaped the struggle for racial equalitySome of America’s most pressing civil rights issues—desegregation, equal educational and employment opportunities, housing discrimination, and free speech—have been closely intertwined with higher education institutions. Although it is commonly known that college students and other activists, as well as politicians, actively participated in the fight for and against civil rights in the middle decades of the twentieth century, historical accounts have not adequately focused on the roles that the nation’s college presidents played in the debates concerning racism. Based on archival research conducted at a range of colleges and universities across the United States, The Campus Color Line sheds light on the important place of college presidents in the struggle for racial parity.Focusing on the period between 1948 and 1968, Eddie Cole shows how college presidents, during a time of violence and unrest, strategically, yet often silently, initiated and shaped racial policies and practices inside and outside of the educational sphere. With courage and hope, as well as malice and cruelty, college presidents positioned themselves—sometimes precariously—amid conflicting interests and demands. Black college presidents challenged racist policies as their students demonstrated in the streets against segregation, while presidents of major universities lobbied for urban renewal programs that displaced black communities near campus. Some presidents amended campus speech practices to accommodate white supremacist speakers, even as other academic leaders developed the nation’s first affirmative action programs in higher education.The Campus Color Line illuminates how the legacy of academic leaders’ actions continues to influence the unfinished struggle for black freedom and racial equity in education and beyond.

African Americans --- College presidents --- College integration --- Racism in higher education --- Discrimination in higher education --- Higher education and state --- Civil rights movements --- Race relations. --- Education, Higher --- Integration, Racial --- Race problems --- Race question --- Relations, Race --- Ethnology --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Ethnic relations --- Minorities --- Racism --- College desegregation --- Desegregation in higher education --- Integration in higher education --- School integration --- Universities and colleges --- Presidents, College --- University presidents --- College administrators --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Black people --- Education (Higher) --- History --- Civil rights --- History. --- Administration --- United States --- Race relations --- Aldon Morris. --- Black Freedom Movement. --- Building the Ivory Tower: Universities and Metropolitan Development in the Twentieth Century. --- Civil Rights Movement. --- Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Struggle for Freedom. --- Clayborne Carson. --- Deep South universities. --- Freedom's Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s. --- HBCU presidents. --- HBCU. --- Harlem vs. Columbia University: Black Student Power in the late 1960s. --- Higher Education and the Civil Rights Movement: White Supremacy, Black Southerners, and College Campuses. --- Ibram H. Rogers. --- Ibram X. Kendi. --- In Stuggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. --- James Anderson. --- Jeffrey Turner. --- Jelani Favors. --- Jerome Karabel. --- LaDale Winling. --- Martha Biondi. --- Noliwe Rooks. --- Peter Wallenstein. --- Robert Cohen. --- Shelter in a Time of Storm: How Black Colleges Fostered Generations of Leadership and Activism. --- Sitting In and Speaking Out: Student Movements in the American South. --- Stefan M. Bradley. --- The Black Campus Movement: Black Students and the Racial Reconstruction of Higher Eduction. --- The Black Revolution on Campus. --- The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admissions and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. --- The Education of Blacks in the South. --- The Lost Education of Horace Tate: Uncovering the Hidden Heroes Who Fought for Justice in Schools. --- The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. --- Upending the Ivory Tower: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Ivy League. --- Vanessa Siddle Walker. --- White Money/Black Power: The Surprising History of African American Studies and the Crisis of Race and Higher Education. --- William Chafe. --- academic freedom. --- affirmative action. --- black colleges. --- black secret networks. --- black slums. --- civil rights. --- college presidents. --- college rankings. --- colleges. --- curricula decisions. --- desegregation. --- diversity without inclusion. --- free speech protections. --- free speech. --- gentrification. --- higher education. --- history education. --- history. --- housing discrimination. --- housing policies. --- integration. --- leadership. --- liberal bastion. --- race. --- racial diversity. --- racial inequality. --- racial violence. --- racism. --- segregation. --- segregationists. --- student activism. --- universities. --- urban renewal. --- urban universities. --- white campuses. --- white supremacists. --- white supremacy.