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Rap and Politics maps out fifty years of political and musical development by exploring three specific moments of local discourse, each a response to failures by local, state, and national governments to address police brutality, violence, poverty, and poor social conditions in Oakland, California and the surrounding Bay Area. First, in the mid-1960s, Black youth responded to repressive political and socioeconomic factors in West Oakland by founding the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, whose representation of violence and community aid, as well as its radical and militant approach to Black Nationalism, became a foundational discourse that shaped the development of rap music in the region. Second, from the collapse of the Party in the early 1980s through the 1990s, gangster rap emerged as a form of political expression among local youth, who drew heavily on radical and militant elements of Panther discourse in their lyrics and artwork. Third, hyphy music in the mid-1990s to early 2000s continued these radical discourses and also incorporated coordinated, subversive public behavior to the mix. The result was a critique of endemic problems facing the local Black community, but also an infectious subgenre of party music that gained mainstream popularity. Overall, this study shows that the specific types of representation created to resist problems of racism and poverty in Oakland is actually key to understanding other rap undergrounds, grassroots subcultures, and social movements elsewhere. In the process, Rap and Politics offers readers a new model focused on the development of settings, representation, movements, discourse banks, and impact within underground rap scenes. Lavar Pope is Clinical Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arrupe College of Loyola University Chicago, USA.
Political science. --- Music. --- African Americans. --- Political communication. --- Political Science. --- African American Culture. --- Political Communication. --- Political communication --- Political science --- African Americans --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Black power --- Rap (Music) --- Racism --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Critical race theory --- Race relations --- Hip-hop music --- Rap songs --- Rappin' (Music) --- Rapping (Music) --- Monologues with music --- Popular music --- Trip hop (Music) --- Power, Black --- Black nationalism --- History --- Political aspects. --- Black Panther Party --- Black Panthers --- BPP (Black Panther Party) --- B.P.P. (Black Panther Party) --- Black Panther Party for Self-Defense --- History. --- Music and race --- Political aspects --- Culture. --- Communication in politics. --- Cultural sociology --- Culture --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Black people --- Social aspects
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The population of the Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) has drastically declined; this Asian leopard subspecies has disappeared from some parts of its former range. Containing large areas of potential habitats with leopard presence across almost all of its provinces, Iran is known to be the last stronghold for the Persian leopard in the region. This book comprehensively covers research, management and conservation practices of the Persian leopard, including: · The first phase of the Persian Leopard National Action Plan in Iran together with an innovative leopard insurance program and a contingent valuation practice with respect to the wildlife trafficking law enforcement in Iran · Research on a hypothesis about the risk of a major fragmentation and splitting the leopard distribution range in Iran into a northern and a southern parts · An innovative and empirically fitted species- and region-specific approach for assessing the cumulative effect of land use and land cover changes on the leopard persistence · Distribution modeling of leopard potential habitats on a regional basis, accompanied by ground validation techniques · An evaluation to three threshold rules to define the habitat suitability indices · Persian leopard habitats and relative corridors in the trans-boundary areas of the East Azarbaijan province of the northwest of Iran in the Caucasus Ecoregion. The innovative research and conservation approaches presented in this book will be of great interest to those studying the leopard and other large carnivore species. The innovative models presented in this book about cumulative effect of the land use and land cover changes will be beneficial to land use managers, planners and decision makers in selecting wildlife friendly solutions for development programs. The strategic and action planning model as well as the leopard compensation program as an insurance scheme are developed specifically for the local condition and leopard status in Iran.
Animal ecology. --- Conservation biology. --- Ecology . --- Wildlife. --- Fish. --- Animal Ecology. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management. --- Ecology --- Nature conservation --- Animals --- Zoology --- Fish --- Pisces --- Aquatic animals --- Vertebrates --- Fisheries --- Fishing --- Ichthyology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Leopard --- Wildlife management --- Conservation --- Animal populations --- Game management --- Management, Game --- Management, Wildlife --- Plant populations --- Wildlife resources --- Natural resources --- Wildlife conservation --- Black panther --- Felis pardus --- Leo pardus --- Leopards --- Panther, Black --- Panthera pardus --- Panthera --- Management
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Traces the history of racial caricature and the ways that Black cartoonists have turned this visual grammar on its headRevealing the long aesthetic tradition of African American cartoonists who have made use of racist caricature as a black diasporic art practice, Rebecca Wanzo demonstrates how these artists have resisted histories of visual imperialism and their legacies. Moving beyond binaries of positive and negative representation, many black cartoonists have used caricatures to criticize constructions of ideal citizenship in the United States, as well as the alienation of African Americans from such imaginaries. The Content of Our Caricature urges readers to recognize how the wide circulation of comic and cartoon art contributes to a common language of both national belonging and exclusion in the United States.Historically, white artists have rendered white caricatures as virtuous representations of American identity, while their caricatures of African Americans are excluded from these kinds of idealized discourses. Employing a rich illustration program of color and black-and-white reproductions, Wanzo explores the works of artists such as Sam Milai, Larry Fuller, Richard "Grass" Green, Brumsic Brandon Jr., Jennifer Cruté, Aaron McGruder, Kyle Baker, Ollie Harrington, and George Herriman, all of whom negotiate and navigate this troublesome history of caricature. The Content of Our Caricature arrives at a gateway to understanding how a visual grammar of citizenship, and hence American identity itself, has been constructed.
African Americans --- Belonging (Social psychology) in art. --- Belonging (Social psychology) --- Belonging (Social psychology). --- Racism in cartoons --- Racism in cartoons. --- Caricatures and cartoons. --- United States. --- Belonging (Social psychology) in art --- Caricatures and cartoons --- African Americans - Caricatures and cartoons --- Racism in cartoons - United States --- Belonging (Social psychology) - United States --- Belongingness (Social psychology) --- Connectedness (Social psychology) --- Social belonging --- Social connectedness --- Social psychology --- Social integration --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Black people --- Aaron McGruder. --- African American Art. --- African American Soldiers. --- African American cartoonists. --- African American children. --- African Americans. --- Black Aesthetics. --- Black Body. --- Black Panther. --- Black superheroes. --- Brumsic Brandon Jr. --- Captain America. --- Civil Rights Movement. --- Comics. --- Hermeneutic. --- Ho Che Anderson. --- Icon. --- Jennifer Cruté. --- Kyle Baker. --- Larry Fuller. --- Martin Luther King Jr. --- Nat Turner. --- Ollie Harrington. --- R Crumb. --- Richard Grass Green. --- Thomas Nast. --- U.S. comics. --- Violence. --- World War II. --- black liberation. --- black masculinity. --- citizenship. --- editorial cartoons. --- equal opportunity humor. --- infantile citizenship. --- offensive humor. --- racial melancholia. --- slavery. --- stereotype. --- underground comix. --- visual culture.
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Settler Colonialism, Race, and the Law' provides a timely analysis of structural racism at the intersection of law and colonialism. Noting the grim racial realities still confronting communities of color, and how they have not been alleviated by constitutional guarantees of equal protection, this book suggests that settler colonial theory provides a more coherent understanding of what causes and what can help remediate racial disparities.0Natsu Taylor Saito attributes the origins and persistence of racialized inequities in the United States to the prerogatives asserted by its predominantly Angloamerican colonizers to appropriate Indigenous lands and resources, to profit from the labor of voluntary and involuntary migrants, and to ensure that all people of color remain "in their place." 0By providing a functional analysis that links disparate forms of oppression, this book makes the case for the oft-cited proposition that racial justice is indivisible, focusing particularly on the importance of acknowledging and contesting the continued colonization of Indigenous peoples and lands. 'Settler Colonialism, Race, and the Law' concludes that rather than relying on promises of formal equality, we will more effectively dismantle structural racism in America by envisioning what the right of all peoples to self-determination means in a settler colonial state.
Race discrimination --- Minorities --- Racism --- Indigenous peoples --- Decolonization --- Law and legislation --- History. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- United States --- Race relations --- Colonization --- Territorial expansion. --- History --- Territorial expansion --- Discrimination raciale --- Minorités --- Racisme --- Autochtones --- Décolonisation --- Droit --- Histoire --- Etats-Unis --- Relations raciales --- Colonisation --- Expansion territoriale --- Social problems --- Sociology of minorities --- Colonisation. Decolonisation --- Race discrimination - Law and legislation - United States - History --- Minorities - Legal status, laws, etc. - United States - History --- Racism - United States - History --- Indigenous peoples - Legal status, laws, etc. - United States - History --- Decolonization - United States - History --- United States - Colonization - History --- United States - Race relations - History --- United States - Territorial expansion --- Sovereignty --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Postcolonialism --- Ethnology --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Segregation --- African Americans. --- American Indian Movement. --- American Indian. --- Apartheid. --- Asian Americans. --- Assimilation. --- Black Lives Matter. --- Black Panther Party. --- COINTELPRO. --- Citizenship. --- Civil rights. --- Civilization. --- Colonialism. --- Community. --- Constitution. --- Convict labor. --- Criminalization. --- Decolonization. --- Deindustrialization. --- Dignity. --- Disappearance. --- Due process. --- Dynamic of difference. --- Elimination. --- Emancipation. --- Equal protection. --- Exclusion. --- Foreignness. --- Gender. --- Genocide. --- Grassroots. --- Human rights. --- Identity. --- Immigrants. --- Immigration. --- Imperialism. --- Incarceration. --- Inclusion. --- Inclusive exclusion. --- Indigeneity. --- Indigenous peoples. --- Indigenous rights. --- Indigenous. --- Internal colonialism. --- International law. --- Labor. --- Land claims. --- Latina/os. --- Lynching. --- Mass incarceration. --- Massacres. --- Migrant Others. --- Narrative. --- National security. --- Neocolonialism. --- Origin stories. --- People of color. --- Peoples. --- Plenary power. --- Pluriverse. --- Policing. --- Postcolonial. --- Postracial. --- Poverty. --- Property. --- Racial discrimination. --- Racialization. --- Racism. --- Reconstruction. --- Redress. --- Refugees. --- Removal. --- Reparations. --- Reproduction. --- Savagery. --- Self-determination. --- Settler colonial theory. --- Settler colonialism. --- Sixties. --- Slavery. --- Social control. --- Sovereignty. --- Standing Rock. --- Strategies. --- United States. --- Violence. --- Xenophobia. --- United States of America
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