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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- Actinobacteria --- prolific producers --- Streptomyces --- bioactive metabolites --- bioprospecting --- Actinobacteria --- prolific producers --- Streptomyces --- bioactive metabolites --- bioprospecting

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This book deals with the values of medicinal plants and associated knowledge(s) in the field of bioprospecting in post-apartheid South Africa. Bioprospecting, the use of genetic or biological resources for commercial purposes, is a profit-oriented enterprise facing new challenges with the rise of human rights and biodiversity politics. This new situation has led to claims for political leverage made by indigenous communities, as well as to claims for national and local cultural identity and heritage. The picture presented here contributes to the widely discussed yet so far unresolved question of how to appropriately share benefits, and how to protect indigenous knowledge in this field. »Die Lektüre des Buches ist [...] eine Reise durch ein Land, das nach wie vor für viele Westeuropäer ein Geheimnis ist und eher mit Mord und Totschlag in Verbindung gebracht wird, als mit dem natürlichen Kapital, das dieses Land besitzt.« Thomas Feltes, https://polizei-newsletter.de, 239 (2020)

Bioprospecting; Medicinal Plants; Traditional Knowledge; Knowledge Economy; Property; South Africa; Nature; Biopolitics; Medicine; Ethnology; Pharmacy; Africa --- Africa. --- Biopolitics. --- Ethnology. --- Medicine. --- Pharmacy.

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Molecular pharmacology. --- Drugs --- Tropical medicine. --- Pharmacology --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Research --- Tropical Medicine --- Research. --- Diseases, Tropical --- Hygiene, Tropical --- Medicine --- Public health, Tropical --- Sanitation, Tropical --- Tropical diseases --- Medical climatology --- Pharmaceutical research --- Molecular biology --- Drug Discovery. --- Drug Delivery Systems. --- methods. --- Drug Targeting --- Delivery System, Drug --- Delivery Systems, Drug --- Drug Delivery System --- Drug Targetings --- System, Drug Delivery --- Systems, Drug Delivery --- Targeting, Drug --- Targetings, Drug --- Dosage Forms --- Drug Prospecting --- Discovery, Drug --- Prospecting, Drug --- High-Throughput Screening Assays --- Bioprospecting

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Fungi are important components of ecosystems. Their level of diversity is very high and only lower than that of insects. This book deals with fungal diversity in the Mediterranean, a large area recognized as a biodiversity hot spot. Micro and macrofungi contribute to characterizing many environments, both terrestrial and marine, in which they are associated with particular forest stands and also contribute to providing plant and soil nutrients. They also show potential applications in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, have a recognized nutritional and commercial value and still provide many insights to scholars in terms of description of new species and actions aimed at in situ and ex situ conservation.

Asphondylia --- Botryosphaeria --- B. dothidea --- DNA sequencing --- gall-associated fungi --- Lamiaceae --- phylogenetic relationships --- symbiosis --- microsatellite --- SSR --- white truffle --- genetic diversity --- wood decay fungi (WDF) --- culture collection --- fungal strain --- host --- Italy --- morphological and molecular identification --- marine fungi --- new taxa --- phylogeny --- lignicolous fungi --- needle pathogens --- high altitude forests --- DNA metabarcoding --- Montenegro --- Grifola frondosa --- fungal diversity --- Mediterranean forest --- medicinal mushroom --- bioprospecting --- ITS rDNA --- phylogenetics --- basidiomycete --- polypore fungus --- Quercus pubescens --- macrofungi --- Basidiomycota --- mushroom diversity --- ectomycorrhiza --- saprotroph --- alder --- Aegean Sea --- Mediterranean --- Alnicola --- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi --- arid areas --- biological properties --- conserved areas --- grazing --- mycorrhiza --- galls --- basidiomycetes --- ascomycetes

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This Special Issue of Marine Drugs gathers recent investigations on the proteomes, metabolomes, transcriptomes, and the associated microbiomes of marine jellyfish and polyps, including bioactivity studies of their compounds and more generally, on their biotechnological potential, witnessing the increasingly recognized importance of Cnidaria as a largely untapped Blue Growth resource for new drug discovery. These researches evoke the outstanding ecological importance of cnidarians in marine ecosystems worldwide, calling for a global monitoring and conservation of marine biodiversity, so that the biotechnological exploitation of marine living resources will be carried out to conserve and sustainably use the natural capital of the oceans.

Technology: general issues --- cnidarian --- sea anemone --- proteins --- toxins --- two-dimensional gel electrophoresis --- MALDI-TOF/TOF --- shotgun proteomic --- Zoanthidea --- holo-transcriptome --- cnidarian transcriptome --- marine enzyme --- marine biocatalyst --- marine biotechnology --- pharmaceutical biotechnology --- anthozoa --- microbial communities --- cnidarian holobiont --- zooxanthellae --- bleaching --- antibacterial activity --- jellyfish --- Aurelia coerulea --- mucus --- proteomics --- metabolomics --- cnidarians --- gelatinous zooplankton --- bioprospecting --- novel foods --- transcriptomics --- bio-prospecting --- computational biology --- neurotoxins --- NMR spectroscopy --- biochemical characterization --- jellyfish blooms --- Cnidaria --- Ctenophora --- biodiversity --- bioactive compounds --- blue biotechnology --- invertebrate proteins --- biological activity --- antioxidants --- collagen --- pepsin hydrolysis --- collagenase hydrolysis --- oxidative stress --- keratinocytes --- cytotoxicity --- Easter Island --- Actinobacteria --- anthraquinones --- symbionts --- marine invertebrates --- spectroscopy --- chromatography --- Pelagia noctiluca --- Mediterranean jellyfish --- chemical characterization --- aquafeed and food supplements --- sustainable fishing --- cnidarian --- sea anemone --- proteins --- toxins --- two-dimensional gel electrophoresis --- MALDI-TOF/TOF --- shotgun proteomic --- Zoanthidea --- holo-transcriptome --- cnidarian transcriptome --- marine enzyme --- marine biocatalyst --- marine biotechnology --- pharmaceutical biotechnology --- anthozoa --- microbial communities --- cnidarian holobiont --- zooxanthellae --- bleaching --- antibacterial activity --- jellyfish --- Aurelia coerulea --- mucus --- proteomics --- metabolomics --- cnidarians --- gelatinous zooplankton --- bioprospecting --- novel foods --- transcriptomics --- bio-prospecting --- computational biology --- neurotoxins --- NMR spectroscopy --- biochemical characterization --- jellyfish blooms --- Cnidaria --- Ctenophora --- biodiversity --- bioactive compounds --- blue biotechnology --- invertebrate proteins --- biological activity --- antioxidants --- collagen --- pepsin hydrolysis --- collagenase hydrolysis --- oxidative stress --- keratinocytes --- cytotoxicity --- Easter Island --- Actinobacteria --- anthraquinones --- symbionts --- marine invertebrates --- spectroscopy --- chromatography --- Pelagia noctiluca --- Mediterranean jellyfish --- chemical characterization --- aquafeed and food supplements --- sustainable fishing