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Astrophysics --- Nuclear physics --- Chemical and physical crystallography --- kristallografie --- astrofysica --- atoomfysica

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This thesis describes the application of the collinear resonance laser spectroscopy to sensitively measure the electromagnetic nuclear observables of the neutron-rich indium isotopes 115-131In. This entailed a systematic study of the efficiency of resonant ionization schemes to extract the hyperfine structure of the isotopes, the atomic charge exchange process and benchmarking of modern atomic calculations with a laser ablation ion source. This allowed determination of the root-mean-square nuclear charge radii, nuclear magnetic dipole moments, nuclear electric quadrupole moments and nuclear spins of the 113-131In isotopes with high accuracy. With a proton hole in the Z = 50 nuclear shell closure of tin and several nuclear isomer states, these measurements of the indium (Z = 49) isotope chain provided an efficient probe of the evolution of nuclear structure properties towards and at the doubly-magic nuclear shell closure of 132Sn (N = 82) - revealing unpredicted changes.

Nuclear physics --- Theoretical spectroscopy. Spectroscopic techniques --- ionen --- spectroscopie --- atoomfysica

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This thesis develops the dispersive optical model into a tool that allows for the assessment of the validity of nuclear reaction models, thereby generating unambiguous removal probabilities of nucleons from valence orbits using the electron-induced proton knockout reaction. These removal probabilities document the substantial quantitative degree in which nuclei deviate from the independent-particle model description. Another outcome reported within is the prediction for the neutron distribution of Ca-40, Ca-48, and Pb-208. The neutron radii of these nuclei have direct relevance for the understanding of neutron stars and are currently the subject of delicate experiments. Unlike other approaches, the current method is consistent with all other relevant data and describes nuclei beyond the independent-particle model. Finally, a new interpretation of the saturation probabilities of infinite nuclear matter is proposed suggesting that the semi-empirical mass formula must be supplemented with a better extrapolation from nuclei to infinite matter.

Astrophysics --- Nuclear physics --- Chemical and physical crystallography --- kristallografie --- astrofysica --- atoomfysica

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Mathematical logic --- Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Nuclear physics --- Physics --- Geophysics --- zwaartekracht --- quantumfysica --- wiskunde --- fysica --- atoomfysica

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This second, revised and thoroughly updated edition of the successful textbook by Claus Grupen describes the branch of astrophysics known as astroparticle physics. Using experimental methods known from cosmic ray and particle physics, astroparticle physics investigates processes of highest energies taking place in the universe. The new edition reports on progress made by recent discoveries in gravitational wave astronomy and neutrino astronomy (including all details needed to understand recent discoveries in multi-messenger experiments) and also astrobiology. After a historical introduction to the basics of elementary particles the author describes their interactions and the relevant detection techniques. The main body of the book concerns cosmic rays as well as particle processes in astrophysics and cosmology including the physics of the early universe. The book provides an orientation in the field of astroparticle physics that many beginners might be looking for. It also presents new sections exploring the interface between particle physics and cosmic radiation and illustrates the impact of particle physics discoveries to astroparticle physics. The physics is presented using little mathematics, and the results are illustrated by many diagrams and illustrative scientific cartoons which ease the reading of the book. Closing the gap between expert and popular level, the book is highly recommended for undergraduate students in physics or astronomy. It also includes an extensive glossary and a detailed index.

Cosmology --- Solar system --- Astrophysics --- Nuclear physics --- Biology --- zonnestelsel --- astrofysica --- biologie --- ruimte (astronomie) --- planeten --- kosmologie --- atoomfysica