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2020 (5)

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Dissertation
Simulation du rendement en maïs grain à Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Face à l’insécurité alimentaire et la démographie galopante, la production agricole doit augmenter de manière significative pour combler les besoins alimentaires des populations. Le recours aux modèles de prédiction de rendement agricole à l’échelle locale ou nationale constitue actuellement une stratégie et garantie pour la sécurité alimentaire. Dans cette étude, le modèle AquaCrop de la FAO a été utilisé pour simuler le rendement en maïs grain dans le contexte agroécologique de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo. Il s’agit d’un modèle basé sur la productivité eau-sol-plante nécessitant des données météorologiques, culturales et de sol. L’étude a été menée à la ferme Ubuntu pour la campagne agricole 2016-2017. Les données climatiques de la base des données satellitaires de la NASA, les fonctions de pédotransfert (FPT) pour les données manquantes du sol et les données de trois variétés de maïs réparties dans 7 blocs ont été utilisées dans le modèle. L’indice de végétation NDVI a été effectué pour apprécier la couverture végétale des blocs.
Les résultats montrent, sur la description climatique du site pour les années 2016 et 2017, des valeurs qui sont restées dans la gamme enregistrée dans la région de Lubumbashi pour toutes les variables observées. L’évaporation de référence montre une moyenne de 6,35 mm/jour au cours des années 2016 et 2017 avec un maximum de 8,73 mm/jour et un minimum de 1,29 mm/jour. Néanmoins, aucun stress hydrique n’a été observé sur les plantes au cours de la culture. Les rendements en maïs grains dans le site ont varié entre 4,1 et 9,73 t/ha. Le bloc F avec la variété SC719 a donné le rendement le plus élevé et le bloc I avec la variété PAN 53 le plus faible. Ces rendements augmentent relativement avec la teneur en matière organique du sol. Les résultats de FPT révèlent une densité apparente des sols variant entre 1,42 et 1,58 g/cm3 et la réserve en eau utile entre 1,06 à 1,57 mm/cm dans les blocs. L’analyse de NDVI a révélé la couverture végétale de chaque bloc au cours de la culture. La fonction logarithmique de stress de fertilité développée en fonction de la matière organique montre, un coefficient de corrélation faible ce qui implique une étude expérimentale ultérieure qui permettrait mieux de clarifier cette observation. Les résultats des simulations des rendements en maïs grain avec AquaCrop montrent des valeurs très proches entre les rendements mesurés et simulés (R2 = 0,94 et l’erreur moyenne de prédiction Pe = 14%). Les rendements potentiels varient entre 13,17 et 14,6 t/ha. Le stress de fertilité de sol est à la base des faibles rendements obtenus. 
Cette étude constitue une approche robuste pour accroître le rendement et pour optimiser les stratégies des gestions des champs à l'échelle locale ou nationale.


Book
Water Management for Sustainable Food Production
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The agricultural community is face with the challenge of increasing food production by more than 70% to meet demand from the global population increase by the mid-21st century. Sustainable food production involves the sustained availability of resources, such as water and energy, to agriculture. The key challenges to sustainable food production are population increase, increasing demands for food, climate change, climate variability, and decreasing per capita land and water resources. To discuss more details on (a) the challenges for sustainable food production and (b) mitigation options available, a Special Issue on “Water Management for Sustainable Food Production” was assembled. This Special Issue focused on issues such as irrigation using brackish water, virtual water trade, allocation of water resources, consequences of excess precipitation on crop yields, strategies to increase water productivity, rainwater harvesting, irrigation water management, deficit irrigation, fertilization, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and irrigation water quality. The articles in the Special Issue cover several water-related issues across the U.S., Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Pakistan concerning sustainable food production. The articles in this Special Issue highlight the substantial impacts on agricultural production, water availability, and water quality in the face of increasing demands for food and energy.

Keywords

AquaCrop model --- capillary rise --- climate change --- rainfall variability --- supplemental irrigation --- crop growth --- lettuce --- AquaCrop --- water saving --- water productivity --- deficit irrigation --- nitrogen productivity --- fertigation --- drip irrigation --- low-discharge --- arid regions --- Africa --- food security --- system of rice intensification --- water conservation --- climate variability --- water use efficiency --- multi-crop production --- pressure irrigation systems --- water costs --- corn --- soybeans --- maize --- crop-water production function --- West Africa --- spatiotemporal rainfall variability --- tied ridges --- scattered plots --- pearl millet --- yield loss --- crop uptake --- food quality --- geogenic --- emerging contaminants --- nanomaterials --- lysimeter --- canola --- water table --- root distribution --- evapotranspiration --- sustainable irrigation --- bibliometric analysis --- innovation and technology --- unconventional water resources --- delayed transplanting --- seedling age --- seedling density --- wet season --- grain sorghum --- precipitation --- rainfed --- multiple linear regression --- crop yield --- principal component analysis --- water allocation --- WEAP model --- scenario --- Awash River Basin --- sustainability --- agriculture --- virtual water trade --- blue --- green --- arid region --- brackish water --- sub surface drip irrigation (SDI) --- salinity --- sodicity --- olives trees --- excess precipitation --- irrigation water quality --- virtual water --- brackish groundwater --- rainwater harvesting --- socio-economic impacts


Book
Water Management for Sustainable Food Production
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Bookmark

Abstract

The agricultural community is face with the challenge of increasing food production by more than 70% to meet demand from the global population increase by the mid-21st century. Sustainable food production involves the sustained availability of resources, such as water and energy, to agriculture. The key challenges to sustainable food production are population increase, increasing demands for food, climate change, climate variability, and decreasing per capita land and water resources. To discuss more details on (a) the challenges for sustainable food production and (b) mitigation options available, a Special Issue on “Water Management for Sustainable Food Production” was assembled. This Special Issue focused on issues such as irrigation using brackish water, virtual water trade, allocation of water resources, consequences of excess precipitation on crop yields, strategies to increase water productivity, rainwater harvesting, irrigation water management, deficit irrigation, fertilization, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and irrigation water quality. The articles in the Special Issue cover several water-related issues across the U.S., Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Pakistan concerning sustainable food production. The articles in this Special Issue highlight the substantial impacts on agricultural production, water availability, and water quality in the face of increasing demands for food and energy.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- AquaCrop model --- capillary rise --- climate change --- rainfall variability --- supplemental irrigation --- crop growth --- lettuce --- AquaCrop --- water saving --- water productivity --- deficit irrigation --- nitrogen productivity --- fertigation --- drip irrigation --- low-discharge --- arid regions --- Africa --- food security --- system of rice intensification --- water conservation --- climate variability --- water use efficiency --- multi-crop production --- pressure irrigation systems --- water costs --- corn --- soybeans --- maize --- crop-water production function --- West Africa --- spatiotemporal rainfall variability --- tied ridges --- scattered plots --- pearl millet --- yield loss --- crop uptake --- food quality --- geogenic --- emerging contaminants --- nanomaterials --- lysimeter --- canola --- water table --- root distribution --- evapotranspiration --- sustainable irrigation --- bibliometric analysis --- innovation and technology --- unconventional water resources --- delayed transplanting --- seedling age --- seedling density --- wet season --- grain sorghum --- precipitation --- rainfed --- multiple linear regression --- crop yield --- principal component analysis --- water allocation --- WEAP model --- scenario --- Awash River Basin --- sustainability --- agriculture --- virtual water trade --- blue --- green --- arid region --- brackish water --- sub surface drip irrigation (SDI) --- salinity --- sodicity --- olives trees --- excess precipitation --- irrigation water quality --- virtual water --- brackish groundwater --- rainwater harvesting --- socio-economic impacts


Book
Water Management for Sustainable Food Production
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

The agricultural community is face with the challenge of increasing food production by more than 70% to meet demand from the global population increase by the mid-21st century. Sustainable food production involves the sustained availability of resources, such as water and energy, to agriculture. The key challenges to sustainable food production are population increase, increasing demands for food, climate change, climate variability, and decreasing per capita land and water resources. To discuss more details on (a) the challenges for sustainable food production and (b) mitigation options available, a Special Issue on “Water Management for Sustainable Food Production” was assembled. This Special Issue focused on issues such as irrigation using brackish water, virtual water trade, allocation of water resources, consequences of excess precipitation on crop yields, strategies to increase water productivity, rainwater harvesting, irrigation water management, deficit irrigation, fertilization, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and irrigation water quality. The articles in the Special Issue cover several water-related issues across the U.S., Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Pakistan concerning sustainable food production. The articles in this Special Issue highlight the substantial impacts on agricultural production, water availability, and water quality in the face of increasing demands for food and energy.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- AquaCrop model --- capillary rise --- climate change --- rainfall variability --- supplemental irrigation --- crop growth --- lettuce --- AquaCrop --- water saving --- water productivity --- deficit irrigation --- nitrogen productivity --- fertigation --- drip irrigation --- low-discharge --- arid regions --- Africa --- food security --- system of rice intensification --- water conservation --- climate variability --- water use efficiency --- multi-crop production --- pressure irrigation systems --- water costs --- corn --- soybeans --- maize --- crop-water production function --- West Africa --- spatiotemporal rainfall variability --- tied ridges --- scattered plots --- pearl millet --- yield loss --- crop uptake --- food quality --- geogenic --- emerging contaminants --- nanomaterials --- lysimeter --- canola --- water table --- root distribution --- evapotranspiration --- sustainable irrigation --- bibliometric analysis --- innovation and technology --- unconventional water resources --- delayed transplanting --- seedling age --- seedling density --- wet season --- grain sorghum --- precipitation --- rainfed --- multiple linear regression --- crop yield --- principal component analysis --- water allocation --- WEAP model --- scenario --- Awash River Basin --- sustainability --- agriculture --- virtual water trade --- blue --- green --- arid region --- brackish water --- sub surface drip irrigation (SDI) --- salinity --- sodicity --- olives trees --- excess precipitation --- irrigation water quality --- virtual water --- brackish groundwater --- rainwater harvesting --- socio-economic impacts


Book
Modelling and Management of Irrigation System
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3039287915 3039287907 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Irrigation is becoming an activity of precision, where combining information collected from various sources is necessary to optimally manage resources. New management strategies, such as big data techniques, sensors, artificial intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and new technologies in general, are becoming more relevant every day. As such, modeling techniques, both at the water distribution network and the farm levels, will be essential to gather information from various sources and offer useful recommendations for decision-making processes. In this book, 10 high quality papers were selected that cover a wide range of issues that are relevant to the different aspects related to irrigation management: water source and distribution network, plot irrigation systems, and crop water management.

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