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Why did Greek philosophy begin in the sixth century BCE? Why did Indian philosophy begin at about the same time? Why did the earliest philosophy take the form that it did? Why was this form so similar in Greece and India? And how do we explain the differences between them? These questions can only be answered by locating the philosophical intellect within its entire societal context, ignoring neither ritual nor economy. The cities of Greece and northern India were in this period distinctive also by virtue of being pervasively monetised. The metaphysics of both cultures is marked by the projection (onto the cosmos) and the introjection (into the inner self) of the abstract, all-pervasive, quasi-omnipotent, impersonal substance embodied in money (especially coinage). And in both cultures this development accompanied the interiorisation of the cosmic rite of passage (in India sacrifice, in Greece mystic initiation).

Philosophy, Ancient. --- Philosophy, Indic --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- History.

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"Priscian of Lydia was one of the Athenian philosophers who took refuge in 531 AD with King Khosroes I of Persia, after the Christian Emperor Justinian stopped the teaching of the pagan Neoplatonist school in Athens. This was one of the earliest examples of the sixth-century diffusion of the philosophy of the commentators to other cultures. Tantalisingly, Priscian fully recorded in Greek the answers provided by the Athenian philosophers to the king's questions on philosophy and science. But these answers survive only in a later Latin translation which understood both the Greek and the subject matter very poorly. Our translators have often had to reconstruct from the Latin what the Greek would have been, in order to recover the original sense. The answers start with subjects close to the Athenians' hearts: the human soul, on which Priscian was an expert, and sleep and visions. But their interest may have diminished when the king sought their expertise on matters of physical science: the seasons, celestial zones, medical effects of heat and cold, the tides, displacement of the four elements, the effect of regions on living things, why only reptiles are poisonous, and winds. At any rate, in 532 AD, they moved on from the palace, but still under Khosroes' protection. This is the first translation of the record they left into English or any modern language. This English translation is accompanied by an introduction and comprehensive commentary notes, which clarify and discuss the meaning and implications of the original philosophy. Part of the Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, the edition makes this philosophical work accessible to a modern readership and includes additional scholarly apparatus such as a bibliography, glossary of translated terms and a subject index"--

Islamic philosophy --- Arab philosophy --- Ancient philosophy --- Philosophy and science --- Greek influences. --- Khosrow

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Max J. Lee untersucht die Philosophien des Platonismus und Stoizismus während der griechisch-römischen Ära und deren Konkurrenzprogramme daraufhin, wie man die Persönlichkeit eines Menschen vom Laster zur Tugend wandelt. Er zeigt, dass emotionale Kontrolle, ethisches Handeln und Gewohnheit, Charakteranlage, Rat und Gottheit alle zur Moralbildung einer Person beitragen.

Ethics, Ancient. --- Platonists. --- Paul, --- 30-600 --- Ancient Philosophy --- Classical Studies --- Stoicism --- Middle Platonism --- Gewaltenverschränkung --- Ancient Ethical Theory --- Antike --- Neues Testament

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"The agōn deemed characteristic of ancient Greek culture has roots in the eris (strife) illustrated in Homer and Hesiod and debated in the metaphysics of Heraclitus and Empedocles...This volume considers agōn from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, with a special emphasis on Western Greece - the ancient Hellenic cities of Sicily and Southern Italy."--Page 4 of cover.

Philosophy, Ancient --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Agon (The Greek word) --- Contests --- Greek language --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Etymology

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Ce volume contient les actes d’un colloque tenu en 2013 à Paris, grâce à la collaboration entre l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales et l’Université Sapienza de Rome, et portant sur ce qu’on appelle la « collection philosophique », un groupe de manuscrits copiés à Constantinople au IXe siècle et conservés actuellement dans les plus importantes bibliothèques d’Europe et des États-Unis. Ces livres sont les témoins fondamentaux, et parfois uniques, de plusieurs textes philosophiques fondateurs de la culture occidentale (les corpora d’Aristote et de Platon, mais aussi de nombreux ouvrages d’auteurs méso- et néoplatoniciens), ainsi que de textes astronomiques, géographiques, paradoxographiques et patristiques. À la rencontre ont participé des philologues, des paléographes, des codicologues, des historiens de la philosophie ancienne et tardo-antique, et des experts des cultures byzantine et arabe, qui se sont concentrés sur les aspects philologiques et paléographiques des différents manuscrits, ainsi que sur les implications historiques et historiographiques de la « collection » dans son ensemble, considérée parfois comme l’image parfaite du « premier humanisme byzantin », selon la formule célèbre de Paul Lemerle, et comme un trait d’union entre Byzance et la Renaissance italienne.

Manuscripts, Byzantine --- Manuscripts, Greek (Medieval and modern) --- Philosophy, Ancient --- Manuscripts, Medieval --- Byzantine manuscripts --- Congresses --- Manuscripts&delete& --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Manuscripts