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James McCune Smith and Henry Highland Garnet met as schoolboys at the Mulberry Street New York African Free School, an educational experiment created by founding fathers who believed in freedom's power to transform the country. Smith and Garnet's achievements were near-miraculous in a nation that refused to acknowledge black talent or potential. The sons of enslaved mothers, these schoolboy friends would go on to travel the world, meet Revolutionary War heroes, publish in medical journals, address Congress, and speak before cheering crowds of thousands. The lessons they took from their days at the New York African Free School #2 shed light on how antebellum Americans viewed black children as symbols of America's possible future. The story of their lives, their work, and their friendship testifies to the imagination and activism of the free black community that shaped the national journey toward freedom.

African American intellectuals --- Free Black people --- Slavery --- Antislavery movements --- African Americans --- African Americans --- History --- History --- History. --- Cultural assimilation --- History --- Colonization --- History --- Smith, James McCune, --- Garnet, Henry Highland, --- Smith, James McCune, --- Garnet, Henry Highland, --- New-York African Free-School. --- American Colonization Society. --- American Colonization Society --- New-York African Free-School --- History. --- History. --- United States. --- Africa. --- New York (State) --- United States --- New York (State) --- History --- History --- 1863 riot. --- Address to the Slaves. --- African American. --- African Civilization Society. --- African colonization. --- American Colonization Society. --- Black abolitionist. --- Black rebellion. --- Civil War. --- Colored Orphan Asylum. --- Frederick Douglass. --- Free Produce Movement. --- Heads of the Colored People. --- Henry Highland Garnet. --- James McCune Smith. --- John Brown. --- Lincoln. --- Marxist. --- New York African Free School. --- New York Colored Orphan Asylum. --- Noyes Academy. --- Thirteenth Amendment. --- University of Glasgow. --- Weims family. --- abolitionism. --- antislavery. --- census. --- colonization. --- freak shows. --- manhood.

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According to accepted historical wisdom, the goal of the African Colonization Society (ACS), founded in 1816 to return freed slaves to Africa, was borne of desperation and illustrated just how intractable the problems of race and slavery had become in the nineteenth-century United States. But for Brandon Mills, the ACS was part of a much wider pattern of national and international expansion. Similar efforts on the part of the young nation to create, in Thomas Jefferson's words, an "empire of liberty," spanned Native removal, the annexation of Texas and California, filibustering campaigns in Latin America, and American missionary efforts in Hawaii, as well as the founding of Liberia in 1821. Mills contends that these diverse currents of U.S. expansionism were ideologically linked and together comprised a capacious colonization movement that both reflected and shaped a wide range of debates over race, settlement, citizenship, and empire in the early republic.The World Colonization Made chronicles the rise and fall of the colonization movement as a political force within the United States—from its roots in the crises of the Revolutionary era, to its peak with the creation of the ACS, to its ultimate decline with emancipation and the Civil War. The book interrogates broader issues of U.S. expansion, including the progression of federal Indian policy, the foundations and effects of the Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny, and the growth of U.S. commercial and military power throughout the Western hemisphere. By contextualizing the colonization movement in this way, Mills shows how it enabled Americans to envision a world of self-governing republics that harmonized with racial politics at home.

Colonization. --- Colonisation --- Imperialism --- Land settlement --- Colonies --- Decolonization --- Emigration and immigration --- African Studies. --- African-American Studies. --- American History. --- American Studies. --- American Colonization Society --- History --- United States --- Liberia --- Race relations --- ACS --- African Colonisation Society --- American Colonisation Society --- American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color of the United States (1837-1964) --- Colonization Society --- American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Colour of the United States --- Dēmokratia tēs Liverias --- Gweriniaeth Liberia --- IGNU (Liberia) --- Interim Government of National Unity (Liberia) --- Komara Lîberyayê --- Labiriyaa --- Laibeer --- Libearia --- Libeeria --- Libeeria Vabariik --- Libeïa --- Libéir --- Libèiria --- Liberi --- Libériai Köztársaság --- Liberiako Errepublika --- Liberië --- Liberii︠a︡ --- Liberii︠a︡ respublika --- Liberija --- Libērijas Republika --- Liberijos Respublika --- Liberio --- Liberiya --- Liberiya Respublikası --- Liberja --- Liberya --- Liberyah --- Liberyi︠a︡ --- Libiliya --- Libirya --- Liveria --- Lýðveldið Líbería --- Pobblaght ny Laibeer --- Poblachd Libèiria --- Reppubliek Liberië --- Repubblica di Liberia --- Republic of Liberia --- Republica de Liberia --- Republiek Liberia --- Republiek van Liberië --- Republik Liberia --- Republika Liberii︠a︡ --- Republika Liberija --- Republiḳat Liberyah --- Republíki ya Liberia --- République du Liberia --- Riberia --- Riberia Kyōwakoku --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Liberia --- Δημοκρατια της Λιβεριας --- Λιβερία --- Република Либерия --- Република Либерија --- Либери --- Либерия --- Либерия республика --- Либерија --- Ліберыя --- רפובליקת ליבריה --- ליבריה --- リベリア --- リベリア共和国 --- 利比里亚