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Since the start of colonial gold mining in the early 1920s, the Biangai villagers of Elauru and Winima in Papua New Guinea have moved away from planting yams and other subsistence foods to cultivating coffee and other cash crops and dishing for tradable flakes of gold. Decades of industrial gold mining, land development, conservation efforts, and biological research have wrought transformations in the landscape and entwined traditional Biangai gardening practices with Western capital, disrupting the social reproduction of a community and the relationship between place and person. Drawing from extensive ethnographic research, Jamon Halvaksz examines the role of place in informing indigenous relationships with conservation and development. How do Biangai make meaning with the physical world? Collapsing Western distinctions between self and an earthly other, Halvaksz shows us it is a sense of place - grounded in productive relationships between nature and culture - is what connects Biangai to one another as "placepersons" and enables them to navigate global forces amid changing local and regional economies. Centering local responses along the frontiers of resource extraction, Gardens of Gold contributes to our understanding of how neoliberal economic practices intervene in place-based economies and identities."--taken from back cover.

Nature conservation --- Gold mines and mining --- Ethnology --- Papua New Guinea. --- Papua New Guinea --- Civilization. --- Gold mines and mining.

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This paper examines the effect of international trade on corporate market power in emerging market economies and developing countries, with a special focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on a large firm-level dataset, tariff data by sector and agreggate indicators of international trade for the period 2000-17. Greater trade liberalization and trade integration are associated with significant declines in market power, with the effect being more pronounced for firms in the manufacturing and ICT sectors, private sector firms, and firms with higher initial markups. Firms in sub-Saharan Africa tend to experience signficantly lower markups after allowing greater trade integration. The effects of trade liberalization on market power materializes over time, and there are significant complementarities between trade reforms and real sector reforms.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Market Structure and Pricing: General --- Trade: General --- Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Trade liberalization --- Tariffs --- Trade barriers --- Structural reforms --- Imports --- Commercial policy --- Tariff --- Papua New Guinea

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This paper examines the effect of international trade on corporate market power in emerging market economies and developing countries, with a special focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on a large firm-level dataset, tariff data by sector and agreggate indicators of international trade for the period 2000-17. Greater trade liberalization and trade integration are associated with significant declines in market power, with the effect being more pronounced for firms in the manufacturing and ICT sectors, private sector firms, and firms with higher initial markups. Firms in sub-Saharan Africa tend to experience signficantly lower markups after allowing greater trade integration. The effects of trade liberalization on market power materializes over time, and there are significant complementarities between trade reforms and real sector reforms.

Papua New Guinea --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Market Structure and Pricing: General --- Trade: General --- Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Trade liberalization --- Tariffs --- Trade barriers --- Structural reforms --- Imports --- Commercial policy --- Tariff

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This book examines Australian colonial and foreign aid policy towards Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia in the age of international development (1945–1975). During this period, the academic and political understandings of development consolidated and informed Australian attempts to provide economic assistance to the poorer regions to its north. Development was central to the Australian colonial administration of PNG, as well as its Colombo Plan aid in Asia. In addition to examining Australia’s perception of international development, this book also demonstrates how these debates and policies informed Australia’s understanding of its own development. This manifested itself most clearly in Australia’s behavior at the 1964 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The book concludes with a discussion of development and Australian foreign aid in the decade leading up to Papua New Guinea’s independence, achieved in 1975.

Economic assistance, Australian --- Australian economic assistance --- History --- Papua New Guinea --- Australia --- Ahitereiria --- Aostralia --- Ástralía --- ʻAukekulelia --- Austraalia --- Austraalia Ühendus --- Australian Government --- Australie --- Australien --- Australiese Gemenebes --- Aŭstralii︠a︡ --- Australija --- Austrālijas Savienība --- Australijos Sandrauga --- Aŭstralio --- Australské společenství --- Ausztrál Államszövetség --- Ausztrália --- Avstralii︠a︡ --- Avstraliĭski sŭi︠u︡z --- Avstraliĭskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Avstraliĭskii︠a︡t sŭi︠u︡z --- Avstralija --- Awstralia --- Awstralja --- Awstralya --- Aystralia --- Commonwealth of Australia --- Cymanwlad Awstralia --- Državna zaednica Avstralija --- Government of Australia --- Ḳehiliyat Osṭralyah --- Koinopoliteia tēs Aystralias --- Komanwel Australia --- Komonveltot na Avstralija --- Komonwelt sa Awstralya --- Komunaĵo de Aŭstralio --- Komunejo de Aŭstralio --- Kūmunwālth al-Usturālī --- Mancomunidad de Australia --- Mancomunitat d'Austràlia --- Negara Persemakmuran Australia --- New Holland --- Nova Hollandia --- Osṭralyah --- Ōsutoraria --- Persemakmuran Australia --- Samveldið Ástralía --- Usṭralyah --- Usturāliyā --- Whakaminenga o Ahitereiria --- Κοινοπολιτεία της Αυστραλίας --- Αυστραλία --- Аўстралія --- Австралия --- Австралија --- Австралийски съюз --- Австралийският съюз --- Австралийский Союз --- Комонвелтот на Австралија --- Државна заедница Австралија --- אוסטרליה --- קהיליית אוסטרליה --- أستراليا --- كومنولث الأسترالي --- オーストラリア --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy --- History. --- Islands of the Pacific—History. --- World politics. --- Poverty. --- Imperialism. --- Australasian History. --- Political History. --- Development Aid. --- Imperialism and Colonialism. --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Political science --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations