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Anwar Ibrahim, Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, 1993-98, and Opposition Leader, 2008-15 and since March 2020, is associated with two lasting, seemingly contradictory images. Those were of the young Anwar as a radical Islamist for whom economics seemed not to matter, and as a pro-market reformer during the 1997 East Asian financial crisis for whom Islam no longer mattered.Yet there was economics in the young Anwar's Islam and, conversely, Islam in the mature man's economics. Between them lay certain 'moral ambivalences' that occupied Anwar during the pre-crisis period when economic growth, prosperity and ambitions were dogged by rent-seeking, corruption and institutional degradation. Anwar had expressed various thoughts on 'Islam and economics', notably when he was President of Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM, or Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement), Minister of Finance (1991-98), and leader of the post-Reformasi opposition. His thoughts formed the core of a 'humane economy' that he envisioned and advocated upon his return to active politics from 2006 onwards. The vision of a 'humane economy' holds personal, ideological and political significance at a specific political juncture in Malaysian history.

POLITICAL SCIENCE / Essays. --- Vice prime ministers --- Islam and politics --- Economics --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Anwar Ibrahim, --- Philosophy. --- Malaysia --- Politics and government --- Islam and economics --- Executive power --- Ibrahim, Anwar, --- Ibrahim, Datuk Seri Anwar, --- Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, --- Anwar, --- Ibrahim, Dato' Seri Anwar, --- Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim, --- Politics and government. --- Islam --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Economic aspects. --- Malaysia.

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In late February 2020, the Mahathir Mohamad-led Pakatan Harapan (Harapan, or Pact of Hope) government ended abruptly. Amidst ensuing confusion, Muhyiddin Yassin led defecting Harapan Members of Parliament, joined by UMNO and PAS, in an ad hoc Perikatan Nasional (PN, or National Alliance) coalition to form a 'backdoor government'. The PN protagonists cast themselves as a 'Malay-Muslim front' for preserving Malay dominance. Yet they unwittingly exposed the parlous state of their 'Malay politics', as shown by an absence of 'Malay unity', strongly contested claims to represent the Malays, intense party factionalism, and subverted leadership transitions. The parlousness of Malay politics emerged from the failure of the Malay political class to meet many challenges between 1997 and 2018. As the New Economic Policy and Vision 2020 political orders shed their combined twenty-five-year hegemony, Malay politics could not recover its declining popular support and legitimacy, or craft a fresh, broadly supported settlement. The present is an unsettled conjuncture: the old order is passing while Harapan's experimental regime has been subverted. Yet Malay politics is unable to reform or tackle current issues authoritatively. Instead Malay politics has turned inwards and precipitated a disorder of the political system.

Malays (Asian people) --- Malaysia --- Politics and government