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Book
Polyamine Metabolism in Disease and Polyamine-Targeted Therapies
Author:
ISBN: 3039211536 3039211528 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Polyamines are ubiquitous polycations essential for all cellular life. The most common polyamines in eukaryotes, spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, exist in millimolar intracellular concentrations that are tightly regulated through biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. Polyamines interact with, and regulate, negatively charged macromolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and ion channels. Accordingly, alterations in polyamine metabolism affect cellular proliferation and survival through changes in gene expression and transcription, translation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of these multifaceted polyamine functions contribute to multiple disease processes, thus their metabolism and function have been targeted for preventive or therapeutic intervention. The correlation between elevated polyamine levels and cancer is well established, and ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme in the production of putrescine, is a bona fide transcriptional target of the Myc oncogene. Furthermore, induced polyamine catabolism contributes to carcinogenesis that is associated with certain forms of chronic infection and/or inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species. These and other characteristics specific to cancer cells have led to the development of polyamine-based agents and inhibitors aimed at exploiting the polyamine metabolic pathway for chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive benefit. In addition to cancer, polyamines are involved in the pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, parasitic and infectious diseases, wound healing, ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and certain age-related conditions, as polyamines are known to decrease with age. As in cancer, polyamine-based therapies for these conditions are an area of active investigation. With recent advances in immunotherapy, interest has increased regarding polyamine-associated modulation of immune responses, as well as potential immunoregulation of polyamine metabolism, the results of which could have relevance to multiple disease processes. The goal of this Special Issue of Medical Sciences is to present the most recent advances in polyamine research as it relates to health, disease, and/or therapy.

Keywords

protein synthesis in cancer --- neuroblastoma --- epigenetics --- Drosophila imaginal discs --- pneumococcal pneumonia --- transgenic mice --- spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase --- ?-difluoromethylornithine --- MYC --- skeletal muscle --- protein expression --- curcumin --- colorectal cancer --- autophagy --- human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) --- melanoma --- tumor immunity --- Snyder-Robinson Syndrome --- Streptococcus pneumoniae --- B-lymphocytes --- autoimmunity --- spermine oxidase --- cell differentiation --- diferuloylmethane --- immunity --- antizyme --- transgenic mouse --- polyamine --- hirsutism --- chemoprevention --- CRISPR --- transglutaminase --- polyamine analogs --- NF-?B --- spermine synthase --- atrophy --- aging --- oxidative stress --- mast cells --- African sleeping sickness --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- eflornithine --- carcinogenesis --- ornithine decarboxylase --- polyamine transport inhibitor --- putrescine --- neutrophils --- spermidine --- untranslated region --- spermine --- polyphenol --- M2 macrophages --- polyamine transport system --- metabolism --- difluoromethylorthinine --- DFMO --- antizyme inhibitors --- capsule --- polyamine transport --- eosinophils --- MCF-7 cells --- difluoromethylornithine --- polyamine metabolism --- mutant BRAF --- polyamines --- cadaverine --- proteomics --- airway smooth muscle cells --- breast cancer --- X-linked intellectual disability --- complementation --- T-lymphocytes --- bis(ethyl)polyamine analogs --- antizyme 1 --- cancer --- osteosarcoma


Book
Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and Paraganglioma (PGL)
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3039216554 3039216546 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book outlines some new advances in genetics, clinical evaluation, localization, therapy (newly including immunotherapy) of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma including their metastatic counterparts. Well-known and experienced clinicians and scientists contributed to this book to include some novel approaches to these tumors. This book will serve to various health care professionals from different subspecialties, but mainly oncologists, endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons, pediatricians, and radiologists. This book shows that the field of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma is evolving and a significant progress has been made in last 5 years requiring that health care professionals and scientists will learns new information and implement it in their clinical practice or scientific work, respectively. This book should not be missed by anybody who is focusing on neuroendocrine tumors, their newest evaluation and treatment.

Keywords

polycythemia --- peptide receptor radiotherapy --- n/a --- vasculogenesis --- catecholamines --- neuroendocrine --- GTV --- adaptive immunity --- therapy resistance --- histology --- transgenic mice --- cryoablation --- spheroids --- energy metabolism --- somatostatinoma --- angiogenesis --- pheochromocytoma --- SDHD --- percutaneous ethanol injection --- metanephrines --- SDHB --- global longitudinal strain --- mutation --- normetanephrines --- catecholamine --- PASS --- PGL --- 177Lu-DOTATATE --- chromosomal alteration --- speckle-tracking echocardiography --- lL-6 --- dog --- percutaneous ablation --- stem-like tumor cells --- EPAS1 --- neural crest --- fluorescence imaging --- neutrophil --- xenograft --- inflammation --- head and neck --- weighted standard deviation --- FGF21 --- calorimetry --- HIF --- average real variability --- next-generation sequencing --- adrenocortical carcinoma --- carotid body --- hypoxia-inducible factor --- paraganglioma --- succinate dehydrogenase --- blood pressure variability --- arrhythmia --- mortality --- NF1 --- toll-like receptor --- GAPP --- NET --- subclinical systolic dysfunction --- pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma --- PET-CT --- pan-cancer analysis --- mouse pheochromocytoma cells --- innate immunity --- neurogenesis --- neuroendocrine tumor --- obesity --- hypotension --- hypoxia --- CNV detection --- 18F-FDOPA --- comparative genomics --- adrenomedullary function --- PCC --- pathogen-associated molecular patterns --- adrenal tumor --- radiotherapy --- 11C-hydroxy-ephedrine --- radiofrequency ablation --- PPGL --- minimally invasive procedure --- sporadic --- diabetes mellitus --- adrenal incidentaloma --- germline mutation --- immunotherapy --- VHL --- immunohistochemistry --- metastatic OR malignant pheochromocytoma --- erythropoietin --- postoperative --- targeted therapy --- PRRT --- metastatic --- mitochondria --- T cell --- TCA cycle --- meta-analysis --- pseudohypoxia --- ectopic secretion --- radiosensitization --- chromogranin A --- hereditary --- hypertension --- PET --- phosphorylation tyrosine hydroxylase

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