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Carbon fiber is an oft-referenced material that serves as a means to remove mass from large transport infrastructure. Carbon fiber composites, typically plastics reinforced with the carbon fibers, are key materials in the 21st century and have already had a significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions. Though, as with any composite material, the interface where each component meets, in this case the fiber and plastic, is critical to the overall performance.

cellulose derivative --- stack --- lignin --- contact problem --- single fibre pull out --- fatigue --- composite --- sandwich composite --- toughness --- aluminum UNS A97050 --- surface quality --- Carbon fiber --- epoxy curing --- kerf taper --- block copolymers --- conductive yarn --- X-ray transmission --- electron beam --- CT cradle --- thin-wall --- microwave heating --- Seebeck coefficient --- tendon --- air blowing --- epoxy resins --- monocoque structure --- prepreg --- carbon fiber --- surface treatment --- strengthening --- carbon fibre --- surface modification --- epoxy composite --- prestressed near-surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR) --- recycled carbon fiber --- composites --- thermocouple --- structural analysis --- interfacial adhesion --- three-wheeler vehicle --- SOM/SEM --- polycarbonate --- low consumption vehicle --- computed tomography --- thermoforming --- AWJM --- isotropic pitch --- nickel-coated carbon fiber --- finite element model --- dual curing --- fast-cure epoxy resin --- lightweight design --- macrogeometric deviations --- ethylene tar --- CFRP

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Satellite altimetry is a radar technique for measuring the topography of the Earth’s surface. It was initially designed for measuring the ocean’s topography, with reference to an ellipsoid, and for the determination of the marine geoid. Satellite altimetry has provided extremely valuable information on ocean science (e.g., circulation surface geostrophic currents, eddy structures, wave heights, and the propagation of oceanic Kelvin and Rossby waves). With more than 25 years of observations, it is also becoming vital to climate research, providing accurate measurements of sea level variations from regional to global scales. Altimetry has also demonstrated a strong potential for geophysical, cryospheric, and hydrological research and is now commonly used for the monitoring of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheet topography and of terrestrial surface water levels. This book aims to present reviews and recent advances of general interest in the use of radar altimetry in Earth sciences. Manuscripts are related to any aspect of radar altimetry technique or geophysical applications. We also encourage manuscripts resulting from the application of new altimetric technology (SAR, SARin, and Ka band) and improvements expected from missions to be launched in the near future (i.e., SWOT).

water level --- ALES --- wet path delay --- CryoSat-2 --- water volume transport --- water level time series --- storm surge --- filtering --- validation --- polar ocean --- ocean tides --- satellite altimetry --- lake level --- classification --- ENVISAT --- numerical modelling --- PISTACH --- water levels --- evaporation --- geodesy --- waveform --- ALES retracker --- waveform retracking --- unsupervised classification --- CryosSat-2 SAR --- peakiness --- Envisat --- Jason-2 --- calibration --- SARAL --- ACC --- microwave radiometer --- ocean geostrophy --- data processing --- fine scale --- SWOT --- orbit decay --- Aral Sea --- geodetic orbit --- radar altimetry --- oceanography --- streamflow --- K-medoids --- retracking --- ice --- SWOT simulator --- coastal altimetry --- Ka-band --- western Mediterranean Sea --- topography of the intertidal zone --- FVCOM --- HY-2A --- inland water --- tide gauge --- discharge --- ERS-2 --- marine gravity --- wet tropospheric correction --- South China Sea --- stack data --- upper layer thickness --- drifting orbit --- hydrology --- Sentinel-3 --- two-layer ocean model --- satellite geodesy --- Fram Strait --- space gravity --- leads --- satellite altimeter --- range precision --- sensor calibration --- ROMS model --- X-TRACK --- SAR --- Inner Niger Delta --- Greenland Sea --- Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) --- Mekong Basin --- altimetry --- Hong Kong coast --- soil moisture --- Argo --- Southern Ocean --- Landsat --- dielectric permittivity --- sea surface height --- lake volume

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Arithmetic and Geometry presents highlights of recent work in arithmetic algebraic geometry by some of the world's leading mathematicians. Together, these 2016 lectures-which were delivered in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the annual summer workshops in Alpbach, Austria-provide an introduction to high-level research on three topics: Shimura varieties, hyperelliptic continued fractions and generalized Jacobians, and Faltings height and L-functions. The book consists of notes, written by young researchers, on three sets of lectures or minicourses given at Alpbach.The first course, taught by Peter Scholze, contains his recent results dealing with the local Langlands conjecture. The fundamental question is whether for a given datum there exists a so-called local Shimura variety. In some cases, they exist in the category of rigid analytic spaces; in others, one has to use Scholze's perfectoid spaces.The second course, taught by Umberto Zannier, addresses the famous Pell equation-not in the classical setting but rather with the so-called polynomial Pell equation, where the integers are replaced by polynomials in one variable with complex coefficients, which leads to the study of hyperelliptic continued fractions and generalized Jacobians.The third course, taught by Shou-Wu Zhang, originates in the Chowla-Selberg formula, which was taken up by Gross and Zagier to relate values of the L-function for elliptic curves with the height of Heegner points on the curves. Zhang, X. Yuan, and Wei Zhang prove the Gross-Zagier formula on Shimura curves and verify the Colmez conjecture on average.

Arithmetical algebraic geometry. --- Algebraic geometry, Arithmetical --- Arithmetic algebraic geometry --- Diophantine geometry --- Geometry, Arithmetical algebraic --- Geometry, Diophantine --- Number theory --- Abelian variety. --- Algebraic geometry. --- Algebraic independence. --- Algebraic space. --- Analytic number theory. --- Arbitrarily large. --- Automorphic form. --- Automorphism. --- Base change. --- Big O notation. --- Class number formula. --- Cohomology. --- Complex multiplication. --- Computation. --- Conjecture. --- Conjugacy class. --- Continued fraction. --- Cusp form. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Dimension. --- Diophantine equation. --- Diophantine geometry. --- Discriminant. --- Divisible group. --- Double coset. --- Eisenstein series. --- Endomorphism. --- Equation. --- Existential quantification. --- Exponential map (Riemannian geometry). --- Fiber bundle. --- Floor and ceiling functions. --- Formal group. --- Formal power series. --- Formal scheme. --- Fundamental group. --- Geometric Langlands correspondence. --- Geometry. --- Heegner point. --- Hodge structure. --- Hodge theory. --- Homomorphism. --- I0. --- Integer. --- Intersection number. --- Irreducible component. --- Isogeny. --- Isomorphism class. --- Jacobian variety. --- L-function. --- Langlands dual group. --- Laurent series. --- Linear combination. --- Local system. --- Logarithmic derivative. --- Logarithmic form. --- Mathematics. --- Modular form. --- Moduli space. --- Monotonic function. --- Natural topology. --- P-adic analysis. --- P-adic number. --- Pell's equation. --- Perverse sheaf. --- Polylogarithm. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Presheaf (category theory). --- Prime number. --- Projective space. --- Quaternion algebra. --- Rational point. --- Real number. --- Reductive group. --- Rigid analytic space. --- Roth's theorem. --- Series expansion. --- Shafarevich conjecture. --- Sheaf (mathematics). --- Shimura variety. --- Siegel zero. --- Special case. --- Stack (mathematics). --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Szpiro's conjecture. --- Tate conjecture. --- Tate module. --- Taylor series. --- Theorem. --- Theta function. --- Topological ring. --- Topology. --- Torsor (algebraic geometry). --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Vector bundle. --- Weil group. --- Witt vector. --- Zariski topology.