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Aristocracy (Social class)

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Dans cet ouvrage, nous suivons quatre jeunes Parisiennes : Célestine de Ségur, Pauline de Broglie, Marie Bashkirtseff et Catherine Pozzi, issues de l'aristocratie et de la haute bourgeoisie.Leurs journaux intimes, leurs mémoires témoignent de leur enfance et de leur adolescence passées dans leur hôtel particulier, où elles sont éduquées, sans recevoir plus que des rudiments d'instruction. Contre le poids de ces traditions qui privent les fi lles du savoir, elles vont se rebeller et exiger « d'apprendre » comme le proclamait Catherine Pozzi. Tout au long de leurs écrits, nous les voyons vivre un événement qui leur fait prendre conscience de leur indigence intellectuelle, qui fait naître en elles un désir d'apprendre et l'ambition de sortir du gynécée, de vivre autrement que leur mère, et de participer à la vie sociale. Elles témoignent des stratégies qu'elles vont développer pour réaliser leurs fi ns, des obstacles qu'elles ont rencontrés. Nous les avons suivies sur ce long chemin qui les a conduites à cette quête du savoir comme de leur Graal.

Girls --- Aristocracy (Social class) --- Education --- History

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At the beginning of the twelfth century, the region around Paris had a reputation for being the land of unruly aristocrats. Entrenched within their castles, the nobles were viewed as quarrelling among themselves, terrorizing the countryside, harassing churchmen and peasants, pillaging, and committing unspeakable atrocities. By the end of the century, during the reign of Philip Augustus, the situation was dramatically different. The king had created the principal governmental organs of the Capetian monarchy and replaced the feudal magnates at the royal court with loyal men of lesser rank. The major castles had been subdued and peace reigned throughout the countryside. The aristocratic families remain the same, but no longer brigands, they had now been recruited for royal service.In his final book, the distinguished historian John Baldwin turned to church charters, royal inventories of fiefs and vassals, aristocratic seals and documents, vernacular texts, and archaeological evidence to create a detailed picture of the transformation of aristocratic life in the areas around Paris during the four decades of Philip Augustus's reign. Working outward from the reconstructed biographies of seventy-five individuals from thirty-three noble families, Baldwin offers a rich description of their domestic lives, their horses and war gear, their tourneys and crusades, their romantic fantasies, and their penances and apprehensions about final judgment.Knights, Lords, and Ladies argues that the aristocrats who inhabited the region of Paris over the turn of the twelfth century were important not only because they contributed to Philip Augustus's increase of royal power and because they contributed to the wealth of churches and monasteries but also for their own establishment as an elite and powerful social class.

Aristocracy (Social class) --- Nobility --- Noble class --- Noble families --- Nobles (Social class) --- Peerage --- Upper class --- Titles of honor and nobility --- Aristocracy --- Aristocrats --- History --- Paris (France) --- France

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Women sports spectators. --- Women --- Sports --- Gender identity. --- Social life and customs. --- Sociological aspects. --- Football --- Age --- Attitudes --- Social class --- Sport --- Theory --- Leisure --- Book

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"The city of Qufu in north China's Shandong Province is famous as the hometown of Kong Qiu (551-479 BCE)--known in English as Confucius, and in Chinese as Kongzi or Kong Fuzi---and the site of his tomb and temple. Serving the Sage traces the history of the direct descendants of Confucius from the inception of the hereditary title Dukes for Fulfilling the Sage in 1055 through its dissolution in 1935, after the fall of China's dynastic system in 1911. The Kongs' administrative record, the largest such family archive in China, documents the history of northern Chinese agriculture, market formation, rural violence, and rent resistance. Serving the Sage draws on this rich material to address key themes in Chinese social history, such as agricultural commercialization, the structure and function of periodic marketing systems, and the impact of rural violence on political destabilization and social upheavals. The picture that emerges is that of a kinship group descended from Confucius and ruled by a hereditary duke that mobilized substantial and often coercive forces to manage agricultural labor, dominate rural markets, and profit from commercial enterprises. The book also examines how genealogies and ritual texts, through their performance and circulation, reproduced a model of kinship organization that reinforced ducal power. Elites shaped cultural practice and collective memory, while competing with state and popular interests. Confucian ritual was at once a means to reproduce existing social hierarchies and a potential site of conflict and subversion"--

Qufu Shi (China) --- History. --- Politics and government. --- Social conditions. --- Chʻü-fu shih (China) --- 曲阜市 (China) --- Qufu Xian (China) --- Nobility --- Kinship --- Confucius --- Family. --- Ethnology --- Clans --- Consanguinity --- Families --- Kin recognition --- Noble class --- Noble families --- Nobles (Social class) --- Peerage --- Upper class --- Aristocracy (Social class) --- Titles of honor and nobility --- Konfuzius --- Kung tzu --- Kong zi --- Kongzi