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Legislative oversight --- Planning --- United States. --- Committees

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Legislative veto --- Legislative oversight --- Delegated legislation --- Administrative procedure --- United States.

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"Built around the experiences of older prisoners, Punished for Aging looks at the challenges individuals face in Canadian penitentiaries and their struggles for justice. Through firsthand accounts and quantitative data drawn from extensive interviews, this book brings forward the experiences of federally incarcerated people living their "golden years" behind bars. These experiences show the limited ability of the system to respond to heightened needs, while also raising questions about how international and national laws and policies are applied, and why they fail to ensure the safety and well-being of incarcerated individuals. In so doing, Adelina Iftene explores the shortcomings of institutional processes, prison-monitoring mechanisms, and legal remedies available in courts and tribunals, which leave prisoners vulnerable to rights abuses. Some of the problems addressed in this book are not new; however, the demographic shift and the increase in people dying in prisons after long, inadequately addressed illnesses, with few release options, adds a renewed sense of urgency to reform. Working from the interview data, contextualized by participants' lived experiences, and building on previous work, Iftene seeks solutions for such reform, which would constitute a significant step forward not only in protecting older prisoners, but in consolidating the status of incarcerated individuals as holders of substantive rights."--

Prisons --- Government policy. --- Canada. --- Canadian federal correctional system. --- Canadian prisons. --- aging prisoners. --- aging. --- courts. --- incarceration. --- old age. --- penitentiaries in Canada. --- prison monitoring. --- prison oversight. --- prison reform.

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In a context in which many scandals happened in early 2000’s, followed by a financial and economic crisis a few years after; the public lost their confidence in the audit profession. So the environment and the legislative framework had to evolve.
In this thesis entitled: “Which impacts have the financial scandals had on audit? Evolution analysis of the regulations”, a brief description of some major scandals is provided. Then, the evolution of audit history is traced. Afterwards, the new reforms and rules are analyzed and we tried to set up a link between the cases and the laws.
First of all, the reactions came from the United States and their Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Later, the consequences and the evolution of the framework appeared in Europe with the Reform in 2014.
After an analysis of the environment, some questions were asked. Has the audit quality improved with the new laws? Do the financial scandals have a direct effect on the changes in regulation? Is the situation identical and comparable in the USA and in Europe? All these questions and others are discussed in this paper. 
On the one hand, a literary review has been made and on the other hand, a panel of partners and regulators participated in the qualitative analysis. Altogether we tried to formulate an answer to the initial question. It was not so easy to answer and a lot of interrogations still remain.
However, based on this work, it can be concluded that these aforementioned scandals have some impacts on the legislative framework; even if they are not always immediate. In addition, the quality of audit is a key element and a main impact; it has been increasing over time. The independence and transparency are also discussed and they are closely linked to the previous concept. Nevertheless, it is also important to mention the unintended effects of the law and the consequences on the audit profession. This conclusion does not mean that no more work has to be performed. This research leads to many limitations and further analyses need to be done to complete this topic. Moreover, the European Reform of 2014 is too new and all the aspects and effects could not be analyzed for the moment.

financial scandals --- regulation --- EU audit reform --- audit quality --- SOX --- independence --- public oversight of statutory auditors --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

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Interest in politics and the political process—topics that economists consider to be the purview of the sub-field of study known as public choice—appears to be as high as ever. This Special Issue aims to provide a collection of high-quality studies covering many of the varied topics traditionally investigated in the growing field of public choice economics. These include expressive and instrumental voting, checks and balances in the enforcement of rules, electoral disproportionality, foreign aid and political freedom, voting cycles, (in)stability of political ideology, federal spending on environmental goods, pork-barrel and general appropriations spending, politics and taxpayer funding for professional sports arenas, and political scandal and “friends-and-neighbors” voting in general elections. In bringing these topics together in one place, this Special Issue offers a mix of conceptual/formal and empirical studies in public choice economics.

rational ignorance --- rector --- n/a --- disproportionality indexes --- electoral quota --- incumbency advantage --- expressive voting --- electoral systems --- reputation capital --- democratic oversight --- roll-call voting --- rational voter apathy --- political economy --- pork-barrel spending --- mining --- elections --- public policy --- checks and balances --- public interest --- majority decision --- United States Congress --- Policy formulation --- confirmation bias --- Germany --- voter turnout --- localism in elections --- Donald Trump --- political scandal --- Altruism --- measurement --- Ghent University --- proportionality --- Sweden --- voting behavior --- friends-and-neighbors voting --- campaign finance --- political elite --- election --- National Football League --- majority judgment --- political ideology --- instrumental voting --- public choice --- Spain --- Leading by example --- Hierarchical games --- constitutional constraints --- seniority