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Omega-3 fatty acids --- Physiological effect. --- Brain --- Essential fatty acids in human nutrition. --- Nervous system --- Fatty Acids, Omega-3 --- Fatty Acids, Omega-6. --- Brain Diseases --- Diseases --- Nutritional aspects. --- therapeutic use. --- metabolism. --- diet therapy --- N-3 fatty acids --- Omega-3 EFA --- Omega-3 essential fatty acids --- Unsaturated fatty acids --- High-omega-3 fatty acid diet --- Fatty Acids, Omega 6 --- N-6 Fatty Acids --- Omega-6 Fatty Acids --- Acids, N-6 Fatty --- Acids, Omega-6 Fatty --- Fatty Acids, N-6 --- N 6 Fatty Acids --- Omega 6 Fatty Acids --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Neurosciences --- Vitamin F in human nutrition --- Nutrition --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- N-6 Fatty Acid --- Omega-6 Fatty Acid --- Acid, N-6 Fatty --- Acid, Omega-6 Fatty --- Fatty Acid, N-6 --- Fatty Acid, Omega-6 --- N 6 Fatty Acid --- Omega 6 Fatty Acid

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The impact of fat intake on hypercholesterolemia and related atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases has been studied for decades. However, the current evidence base suggests that fatty acids also influences cardiometabolic diseases through other mechanisms including effects on glucose metabolism, body fat distribution, blood pressure, inflammation, and heart rate. Furthermore, studies evaluating single fatty acids have challenged the simplistic view of shared health effects within fatty acid groups categorized by degree of saturation. In addition, investigations of endogenous fatty acid metabolism, including genetic studies of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, and the identification of novel metabolically derived fatty acids have further increased the complexity of fatty acids’ health impacts. This Special Issue aims to include original research and up-to-date reviews on genetic and dietary modulation of fatty acids, and the role and function of dietary and metabolically derived fatty acids in cardiometabolic health.

coronary artery disease --- n-6 fatty acids --- ischemic heart disease --- n-3 fatty acids --- body weight --- alternatively activated macrophages --- type 2 cytokines --- children --- medium-chain triglyceride --- fat --- omega-3 PUFA --- substitution models --- obesity --- EETs --- arachidonic acid --- blood pressure --- Genome-wide association study (GWAS) --- antioxidant --- Mediterranean diet --- Insulin sensitivity --- PUFA --- n-3 PUFA --- long-chain triglyceride --- fish oil --- omega 3 --- CAD --- adipose tissue --- FADS --- blood lipids --- hemodynamics --- genotype --- erucic acid --- klotho --- CYP450 eicosanoids --- cardiometabolic disease --- fibrosis --- desaturase --- EEQs --- cohort study --- lipid metabolism --- fatty acid --- metabolic disease --- epidemiology --- omega-3 --- inflammation --- docosapentaenoic acid --- omega-6 PUFA --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- diet --- CKD --- human --- perivascular adipose tissue --- seafood --- cardiovascular disease --- prospective cohort study --- linoleic acid --- low-fat diet --- conjugated fatty acids --- furan fatty acids --- unsaturated fat --- statins --- fish --- cholesterol ester --- CHD --- COPD

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“Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.

n/a --- gene-based --- taste --- postprandial leptin --- children --- personalised --- obesity --- macronutrient composition --- gastrointestinal symptoms --- postprandial adiponectin --- formula diet --- avoidance diet --- weight loss --- weight --- omega-3 fatty acids --- microbiome --- genotype --- nutrition --- direct-to-consumer test --- intervention --- clinical nutrition --- postprandial total ghrelin --- dietary intervention --- microbiota --- low-carbohydrate diet --- insulin --- FADS polymorphism --- adults --- genetics --- diet --- healthcare professionals --- HbA1c --- PROX1 gene --- phenotype --- high-fat meal --- glucose --- personalised nutrition --- irritable bowel syndrome --- dietary recommendation --- postprandial metabolic fingerprinting --- type 2 diabetes mellitus risk --- high-carbohydrate meal --- health --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- food allergy --- normo-carbohydrate meal --- nutrimetabolomics --- type 2 diabetes --- nutrigenetics --- gene–diet interaction --- personalized nutrition --- gene-diet interaction

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Tissue fibrosis may occur for unknown causes or be the consequence of many pathological conditions including chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, or malignancy. On the other hand, malignant tumors have been identified in fibrotic tissues decades ago, and now accumulating evidence suggests that fibrotic lesions enhance the risk of cancer in several organs such as liver, lungs, and breast. Disruption of an organ parenchymal cells and of its normal structural scaffold during tissue fibrogenesis appears to induce loss of cell polarity, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation that may eventually lead to cancer development. Many cellular and molecular abnormalities including aberrant expression of microRNAs, genetic and epigenetic alterations, evasion or delayed apoptosis, unregulated intracellular signal pathways, and dysregulation or defective intercellular communications have been proposed to explain this link between fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms of this fibrosis-to-cancer transition remain unclear. This book presents a collection of reviews and original articles summarizing recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer development in fibrotic organs.

bleomycin --- n/a --- regeneration --- antitumor efficacy --- lung cancer --- SOX2 --- leiomyosarcoma --- lung cancer (LC) --- nanoparticles --- cytokines --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- metabolic reprogramming --- hepatic stellate cells --- angiogenesis --- transforming growth factor-? --- anaplastic lymphoma kinase --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- growth factor --- pathogenesis --- cancer-associated fibroblasts --- fibrosis --- lipopolysaccharide --- DHA --- lncRNA --- SREBP-1 --- YAP --- protein S --- non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) --- omega-3 fatty acid --- inflammation --- metastasis --- clinical symptoms --- miRNA --- smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential --- Wnt --- interstitial fluid pressure --- heterogeneity --- hepatocytes --- myometrium --- tumor necrosis factor ? --- tumor --- tumor microenvironment --- extracellular matrix --- TAZ --- carcinogenesis --- cystic formation --- pulmonary fibrosis --- HBV --- cytokine --- genetic instability --- diagnosis --- EMT --- crizotinib --- Hippo pathway --- GPR120 --- marker --- HCV --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis --- pathology --- common pathways --- apoptosis --- type I collagen --- GPR40 --- acute lung injury --- uterine fibroid --- renal injury --- pathophysiology --- reactive oxygen species --- immunohistochemistry --- SMAD --- butylidenephthalide --- leiomyoma --- cirrhosis --- Erk1/2 --- targeted therapy --- TGF-? --- mechanotransduction --- therapy --- breast cancer --- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) --- hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) --- cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) --- cancer --- signal pathway --- tumor stiffness

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In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders.

non-IgE-mediated food reactions --- eating disorders --- foetal programming --- bulimia nervosa --- Obesity --- fatty fish --- Mediterranean diet --- angiogenesis --- pregnancy --- asthma --- preeclampsia --- infant nutrition --- food clusters --- placenta --- maternal nutrition --- DHA --- chronic kidney disease --- Dlx3 --- pregnancy outcomes --- neonatal outcomes --- choline --- offspring health --- sirtuin --- omega-3 --- inflammation --- placental insufficiency --- gestational diabetes --- docosahexaenoic acid --- fetal development --- birth weight --- binge eating disorder --- preterm Birth --- vitamin D --- food frequency questionnaire --- eating behavior --- attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity --- SGA --- systematic review --- weaning --- hypothalamic inflammation --- birthweight --- dietary screening --- food-related IgG --- breastfeeding --- purging --- preterm birth --- Rhodiola --- foetal growth --- micronutrients --- gestational age --- obesity prevention --- autism spectrum disorder --- vegan diets --- pregnancy nutrition --- Iodine --- nutritional programing --- dietary behaviour --- preterm labor --- nutrition --- birth length --- ghrelin --- lactation --- immunomodulators --- head circumference --- Echinacea --- dietary habits --- brain health --- probiotics --- Camellia --- large for gestational age (LGA) --- apoptosis --- vegetarian diets --- human milk --- anorexia nervosa --- neurodevelopmental disorders --- lifestyle intervention --- placental transport --- diet --- microglia --- Panax --- eye function --- plant-based diets --- social experiment --- meta-analysis --- essential fatty acids --- etiology --- small for gestational age (SGA) --- Insufficiency --- developmental origins of health and disease --- fortification