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Nous nous intéressons au traitement de signaux bruités, mais plus particulièrement sur une méthode appelée le soft thresholding. Nous développons dans un premier temps tous les outils nécessaires à la bonne compréhension du soft thresholding. Le premier chapitre est consacré aux ondelettes et à l'analyse multirésolution. Ensuite, Nous étudions l'algorithme de Mallat, utiles pour obtenir les coefficients d'ondelettes d'un signal. Le dernier outil est l'objet du troisième chapitre, consacré à une brève description des espaces de Hölder et de Besov. Enfin, tous les outils précédemment vus sont utilisés dans ce dernier chapitre afin d'étudier le traitement du signal. La majeure partie est consacrée au soft thresholding. Nous étudions d'abord son erreur moyenne quadratique, pour enfin étudier la régularité des signaux traités. Une section est également consacrée à quelques généralités sur le hard thresholding. We are interested in signal processing, but more specifically in the soft thresholding. First of, we develop some necessary tools to understand properly the soft thresholding. The first chapter is devoted to wavelets and multiresolution analysis. Then, we study the Mallat algorithm which is usefull to obtain the wavelets coefficients of a signal. Last but not least, we introduce Hölder and Besov spaces. All the previous chapters are used to develop the soft thresholding. The major part of the last chapter is devoted to the soft thresholding; we study the mean squared error of it and the regularity of a processed signal. A brief introduction to the hard thresholding ends this paper.

Signal --- Traitement --- Bruit --- Mallad --- Thresholding --- Soft --- Hard --- Débruitr --- Analyse --- Multirésolution --- Besov --- Hölder --- Ondelettes --- Transformée --- Coefficients --- Norme --- Régularité --- Erreur --- Quadratique --- Signal --- Processing --- Noise --- Denoise --- Free --- Thresholding --- Soft --- Hard --- Coefficients --- Analysis --- Multiresolution --- Hölder --- Besov --- Wavelet --- Transform --- Regularity --- Error --- Squared --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Mathématiques

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The book is dealing with recent progress in human–computer interaction (HCI) related to geographic information science (GIS). The Editorial starts with an overview about the evolution of the Internet and first HCI concepts and stimulates recent HCI developments using 3D and 4D apps, running on all mobile devices with OS Android, iOS, Linus, and Windows. Eight research articles present the state-of-the-art in HCI–GIS-related issues, starting with gender and age differences in using indoor maps via the estimation of building heights from space to an efficient visualization method for polygonal data with dynamic simplification. The review article deals with progress and challenges on entity alignment of geographic knowledge bases.

cyberpsychology --- n/a --- trajectory datasets --- trapezoid --- movement data --- space use intensity --- hypsography --- geospatial data --- map tasks --- knowledge integration --- immersive virtual reality --- knowledge conflation --- OLS --- multiresolution segmentation --- 3D geovisualizations --- SpatialHadoop --- contour lines --- high definition video --- immersion --- PR-Tree --- similarity metrics --- PCA --- map users --- retrospective verbal protocol --- collaborative learning --- telepresence --- 4D time density --- eye-tracking --- level-of-detail rendering --- visual data exploration --- Head-mounted display --- hedonic price model --- sense of presence --- collaborative immersive virtual environment --- gender effects --- tessellation --- spatiotemporal movement patterns --- building tracking --- indoor wayfinding --- cartographic simplification --- height estimate --- map literacy --- random forest --- 3DmoveR --- level of interactivity --- entity alignment --- 3D data cube --- human–computer interaction --- International Space Station (ISS) --- vector polygon --- cloud computing --- OSIVQ --- spatial data processing --- user study --- age effects --- geographic knowledge bases --- Ljubljana --- 3D map --- user’s performance --- similarity combination --- human-computer interaction --- user's performance