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De 10 juillet au 12 novembre 2019, la Fondation Cartier présente Nous les Arbres, une exposition d'envergure dédiée aux arbres, ces êtres d'exception aux facultés insoupçonnées et pourtant largement menacés aujourd'hui. À l'occasion de cette exposition, la Fondation Cartier publie L'Architecture des arbres, un livre hors normes résultant d'une étude botanique et architecturale légendaire qui sera présentée dans l'exposition.Initialement conçu en 1982 par les architectes Cesare Leonardi et Franca Stagi, ce livre aux dimensions imposantes rassemble plus de 550 dessins de 212 espèces d'arbres dessinés à l'échelle 1/100 avec et sans feuillage, ainsi que des diagrammes de projections d'ombres et des planches de variations chromatiques saisonnières. Il contient également 393 notices sur chaque famille, genre et espèce d'arbre illustrées par des dessins de feuilles, de fleurs et de fruits, venant compléter cette étude qui aura duré plus de vingt ans.Introuvable depuis de nombreuses années, ce livre est publié pour la première fois en langue française par la Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain. L'Architecture des arbres est un ouvrage fondamental destiné aux professionnels, architectes, paysagistes et designers, ainsi qu'à tous ceux qui sont sensibles au monde des arbres.

Trees --- Ornamental trees --- Trees in winter --- Tree introduction --- Botanical illustration. --- Arbres --- Arbres d'ornement --- Arbres en hiver --- Illustration botanique --- Identification --- Aesthetics. --- Pictorial works. --- zEurope. --- Esthétique --- Ouvrages illustrés --- Introduction --- Identification. --- Esthétique. --- Esthétique.

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Species acclimatization - the organized introduction of organisms to a new region - is much maligned in the present day. However, colonization depended on moving people, plants, and animals from place to place, and in centuries past, scientists, landowners, and philanthropists formed acclimatization societies to study local species and conditions, form networks of supporters, and exchange supposedly useful local and exotic organisms across the globe. Pete Minard tells the story of this movement, arguing that the colonies, not the imperial centers, led the movement for species acclimatization.

Adaptation (Biology) --- Acclimatization --- Plant introduction --- Animal introduction --- Introduced organisms --- Alien organisms --- Alien species --- Exotic organisms --- Exotic species --- Foreign organisms (Introduced organisms) --- Foreign species (Introduced organisms) --- Introduced species --- Invaders (Organisms) --- Invasive alien species --- Invasive organisms --- Invasive species --- Naturalised organisms --- Naturalized organisms --- Non-indigenous organisms --- Non-indigenous species --- Non-native organisms --- Non-native species --- Nonindigenous organisms --- Nonindigenous species --- Nonnative organisms --- Nonnative species --- Translocated organisms --- Translocated species --- Organisms --- Animal introductions --- Animal translocation --- Animal translocations --- Exotic animal introduction --- Introduction of animals --- Introductions of animals --- Translocation of animals --- Translocations of animals --- Zoogeography --- Zoology, Economic --- Pest introduction --- Introduction of plants --- Botany, Economic --- Phytogeography --- Alien plants --- Exotic plants --- Acclimation --- Bioclimatology --- Human beings --- Environment --- Biology --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological fitness --- Genetics --- Effect of climate on --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental

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"Invasive species are among the greatest challenges to environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity in the world. One of the most promising approaches to managing invasive species is voluntary citizen stewardship. However, in order for control measures to be effective, private citizens often need to make sustained and sometimes burdensome commitments."-- CSIRO Publishing Website.

Nonindigenous pests. --- Biological invasions. --- Bio-invasions --- Bioinvasions --- Invasions, Biological --- Natural selection --- Population biology --- Harmful nonindigenous species --- Non-indigenous pests --- Introduced organisms --- Pests --- Pest introduction

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Afin de lever de nouveau capitaux, plusieurs entreprises décident de s’introduire en bourse. Et pour procéder à cette opération, une évaluation d’entreprise s’impose. Pour déterminer le prix d’une introduction en bourse, plusieurs méthodes existent. La méthode des multiples fait partie des méthodes traditionnelles pour évaluer une entreprise. Cette méthode doit sa large utilisation à sa simplicité et son attractivité. Bien que cette approche ait l’air d’être simple et facile à appliquer par rapport aux autres méthodes d’évaluation d’entreprises, elle cache plusieurs écueils. 
Notre étude vise à vérifier la pertinence de la méthode des multiples dans le contexte marocain. Notre objectif est d’analyser l’approche menée par les analystes et les praticiens pour évaluer une société marocaine qui avait fait l’objet d’une évaluation d’entreprise par la méthode des multiples au moment de son introduction à la Bourse des Valeurs de Casablanca. Nous cherchons à savoir si les évaluateurs marocains appliquent proprement les principes de la méthode des multiples tels que décrits par les différents auteurs. Est-ce qu’il existe des lacunes au niveau de l’application de la méthode des multiples ? La présence de quelques imperfections, est-elle une raison suffisante pour remettre en cause la méthode des multiples dans le contexte marocain ? Est-il possible que cette approche ne soit pas appliquée proprement dans d’autres pays non plus ? Autant de questions auxquelles notre recherche tentera d’apporter des réponses.
Notre problématique principale est de savoir si la méthode des multiples est une approche assez pertinente à appliquer par les praticiens pour évaluer une entreprise marocaine qui s’apprête à s’introduire en bourse. In order to raise new capital, several companies decide to go public. And to carry out this operation, a business valuation is necessary. To determine the price of an IPO, several business valuation methods exist. The comparative method or “valuation using multiples” is one of the most common approaches among business valuation methods. This method owes its wide use to its simplicity and its attractiveness. Although this approach seems to be simple and easy to apply compared to other business valuation methods, it hides several pitfalls.
Our study aims to verify the relevance of the multiple method in the Moroccan context. Our objective is to analyze the approach taken by analysts and practitioners to evaluate a Moroccan company that had been valued by the comparative method at the time of its stock market launch. We will try to know if the Moroccan evaluators properly apply the principles of the comparative method as described by the different authors. Are there gaps in the application of the multiple method? The presence of some imperfections, is it enough reason to question the comparative method in the Moroccan context? Is it possible that this approach is not applied properly in other countries either? So many questions that our research will try to answer.
Our main issue is whether the comparative method is a relevant approach to be applied by practitioners to evaluate a Moroccan company that is about to enter the stock market.

Introduction en bourse --- Évaluation d'entreprise --- Méthode des multiples --- Sociétés marocaines --- IPO --- Business valuation --- Comparative method --- Moroccan companies --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Finance

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North American universities depend on international teaching assistants (ITAs) as a substantial part of the teaching labor force, which has led to the idea of an ‘ITA problem’, a deficiency model which is framed as a divergence between ITAs’ linguistic competence and undergraduates’ and their parents’ expectations. This outdated positioning of ITAs as deficient diminishes the invaluable role they play within the academy. This book argues instead for an approach to ITA which recognizes them as multilingual, skilled, migrant professionals who participate in and are discursively constructed through various participant frameworks, modalities and activities. The chapters in this volume offer state-of-the-art research into ITA using a variety of methods and approaches, and as such constitute a transdisciplinary perspective which argues for the importance of dialogue between research and practice.

Graduate teaching assistants --- College teaching --- English language --- Germanic languages --- College teacher aides --- College teacher assistants --- Graduate assistants (Teaching assistants) --- Graduate teaching fellows --- TAs (Graduate teaching assistants) --- Teaching assistants, Graduate --- Teaching fellows, Graduate --- College teachers --- Graduate students --- Training of --- Study and teaching (Higher) --- Foreign speakers. --- Foreign students --- Applied Linguistics. --- Assessment. --- Global Englishes. --- ITA problem. --- International Teaching Assistants. --- Introduction to Applied Linguistics. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Teaching English as a Second Language. --- Transdisciplinary.