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The emerging precision medicine approach aims to tailor disease prevention and treatment to each patient on the basis of individual variability, environmental factors and lifestyle. Fundamental achievements in the last few decades have converged to offer nowadays the compelling opportunity to move towards this innovative approach: i) unprecedented improvements in disease modeling in silico, in vitro and in vivo; ii) acquisition of a wide range of biomedical information combined with the development of computational toolsets for flexible and integrative analyses of multi-assay datasets. Our deeper understanding of oncogenic mechanisms has finally begun to have a crucial impact on clinical decisions at several steps, from cancer prevention and diagnosis to therapeutic intervention. However, precision oncology still encounters several unresolved hurdles including tumour heterogeneity and recurrence as well as unexplained drug resistance and lack of effective ways to monitor response to therapeutic treatments. Notably, limitations in biomedical research regulation and governance represent additional debatable issues that need careful consideration.

computational biology --- synthetic biology --- pathology --- noncoding RNA --- aberration --- precision medicine --- in vivo preclinical platform --- oncology

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The emerging precision medicine approach aims to tailor disease prevention and treatment to each patient on the basis of individual variability, environmental factors and lifestyle. Fundamental achievements in the last few decades have converged to offer nowadays the compelling opportunity to move towards this innovative approach: i) unprecedented improvements in disease modeling in silico, in vitro and in vivo; ii) acquisition of a wide range of biomedical information combined with the development of computational toolsets for flexible and integrative analyses of multi-assay datasets. Our deeper understanding of oncogenic mechanisms has finally begun to have a crucial impact on clinical decisions at several steps, from cancer prevention and diagnosis to therapeutic intervention. However, precision oncology still encounters several unresolved hurdles including tumour heterogeneity and recurrence as well as unexplained drug resistance and lack of effective ways to monitor response to therapeutic treatments. Notably, limitations in biomedical research regulation and governance represent additional debatable issues that need careful consideration.

computational biology --- synthetic biology --- pathology --- noncoding RNA --- aberration --- precision medicine --- in vivo preclinical platform --- oncology --- computational biology --- synthetic biology --- pathology --- noncoding RNA --- aberration --- precision medicine --- in vivo preclinical platform --- oncology

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common inhabitant of the human body with which we co-exist. However, this species can also cause disease in humans when an appropriate opportunity arises, such as a cut or some other breakdown in our body’s defenses. S. aureus is able to initiate infections due, in part, to the diverse group of toxins that they secrete. The exotoxins produced by S. aureus can cause direct damage, thwart our own body’s defenses, or trigger massive amounts of cytokines that lead to indirect damage within the human body. In this book are 12 research articles that deal with different aspects of staphylococcal exotoxins. Some of the work gives an overview about how the toxins contribute to the disease process. Other articles discuss different aspects of several exotoxins, and two articles are centered on countermeasures against S. aureus infections. Overall, this book will give the reader a good overview of how staphylococcal exotoxins contribute to initiating and sustaining infections in humans.

n/a --- HigBA --- cell physiology --- airway epithelial cells --- PPIase --- atopic dermatitis --- adaptive immunity --- staphylococcal enterotoxin --- sortase A --- canned meat --- inhibitor --- innate immunity --- low cytotoxic strains --- Staphylococcus aureus --- in vivo models --- toxin neutralization --- enterotoxin --- LukGH --- PSMs --- microbiome --- eye --- molecular mechanism --- chronic infection --- gene regulation --- toxins --- alpha-toxin --- superantigen-like protein --- fermentation --- erianin --- PpiB --- HACCP --- infection --- enzymes --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- virulence factor --- enterotoxins --- mouse abscess --- toxin-antitoxin systems --- S. aureus --- polyclonal antibody --- defined minimal medium --- mastitis --- butyric acid derivative --- LukAB --- toxoid vaccine --- superantigen --- pathogenicity islands --- PrsA --- sphingomyelin --- Leukocidin --- lux fusion

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy --- Nuclear magnetic resonance --- Magnetic resonance, Nuclear --- NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) --- Nuclear spin resonance --- Resonance, Nuclear spin --- Magnetic resonance --- Nuclear spin --- Nuclear quadrupole resonance --- In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy --- MR Spectroscopy --- Magnetic Resonance --- NMR Spectroscopy --- NMR Spectroscopy, In Vivo --- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance --- Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance --- Spectroscopy, NMR --- Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance --- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies --- Magnetic Resonance, Nuclear --- NMR Spectroscopies --- Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetic --- Resonance, Magnetic --- Resonance, Nuclear Magnetic --- Spectroscopies, NMR --- Spectroscopy, MR --- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- Imaging, Chemical Shift --- Proton Spin Tomography --- Spin Echo Imaging --- Steady-State Free Precession MRI --- Tomography, MR --- Zeugmatography --- Chemical Shift Imaging --- MR Tomography --- MRI Scans --- MRI, Functional --- Magnetic Resonance Image --- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional --- Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging --- NMR Imaging --- NMR Tomography --- Tomography, NMR --- Tomography, Proton Spin --- fMRI --- Chemical Shift Imagings --- Echo Imaging, Spin --- Echo Imagings, Spin --- Functional MRI --- Functional MRIs --- Image, Magnetic Resonance --- Imaging, Magnetic Resonance --- Imaging, NMR --- Imaging, Spin Echo --- Imagings, Chemical Shift --- Imagings, Spin Echo --- MRI Scan --- MRIs, Functional --- Magnetic Resonance Images --- Resonance Image, Magnetic --- Scan, MRI --- Scans, MRI --- Shift Imaging, Chemical --- Shift Imagings, Chemical --- Spin Echo Imagings --- Steady State Free Precession MRI --- Anatomy, Cross-Sectional --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- spectroscopy --- nuclear magnetic imaging --- mri

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Biomedical imaging is the key technique and process to create informative images of the human body or other organic structures for clinical purposes or medical science. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has demonstrated enormous potential in biomedical imaging applications due to its outstanding advantages of, for instance, miniaturization, high speed, higher resolution, and convenience of batch fabrication. There are many advancements and breakthroughs developing in the academic community, and there are a few challenges raised accordingly upon the designs, structures, fabrication, integration, and applications of MEMS for all kinds of biomedical imaging. This Special Issue aims to collate and showcase research papers, short commutations, perspectives, and insightful review articles from esteemed colleagues that demonstrate: (1) original works on the topic of MEMS components or devices based on various kinds of mechanisms for biomedical imaging; and (2) new developments and potentials of applying MEMS technology of any kind in biomedical imaging. The objective of this special session is to provide insightful information regarding the technological advancements for the researchers in the community.

micromachining --- n/a --- capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) --- transducer --- gold nanoparticles --- cantilever waveguide --- push-pull actuator --- MEMS mirror --- chemo-FET --- ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducer --- fluorescence --- lead-free piezoelectric materials --- acoustics --- bioimaging --- scanner --- micro-optics --- MEMS --- microendoscopy --- ego-motion estimation --- rib waveguide --- electromagnetically-driven --- two-photon --- Lissajous scanning --- fabrication --- microwave resonator --- finite element simulation --- noise figure --- imaging --- modelling --- Si lens --- microwave remote sensing --- piezoelectric array --- smart hydrogels --- bio-FET --- surface micromachining --- tilted microcoil --- near-field microwave --- electrochemical sensors --- potentiometric sensor --- photoacoustic imaging --- micromachined US transducer --- electrostatic actuator --- polyimide capillary --- high frequency ultrasonic transducer --- microring resonator --- ultrasonic transducer --- ultrasonic imaging --- indoor navigation --- optical scanner --- scale ambiguity --- bio-sensors --- non-resonating scanner --- wide-filed imaging --- confocal --- acoustic delay line --- tight focus --- miniaturized microscope --- monocular camera --- low noise amplifier (LNA) --- in vivo --- capacitive --- high spatial resolution --- sensing --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) --- needle-type --- display --- pseudo-resonant --- MEMS actuators --- microtechnology --- metal oxide field-effect transistor --- transduction techniques --- MEMS scanning mirror --- 3D Printing --- photoacoustic --- chemo-sensor --- in vitro --- wearable sensors