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Candidatos presidenciales --- Comunicación en política --- Debates de campaña --- Elecciones --- Fórmulas de tratamiento --- Oratoria política --- Lenguaje --- Análisis del Discurso --- Análisis del Discurso --- Análisis del Discurso --- Aspectos políticos --- Análisis del Discurso

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En Belgique, les élections du 26 mai 2019 ont constitué un scrutin complexe, aux enjeux et aux effets multiples. Les citoyens ont été appelés à renouveler de manière directe six assemblées : la Chambre des représentants, le Parlement wallon, le Parlement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, le Parlement flamand, le Parlement de la Communauté germanophone et la représentation belge au Parlement européen. Cinq autres assemblées ont été renouvelées de manière indirecte, dont le Sénat et le Parlement de la Communauté française. Le présent Courrier hebdomadaire est consacré au renouvellement du Parlement fédéral et à l’élection des représentants belges au Parlement européen. Il dégage les principaux enseignements du scrutin du 26 mai 2019, en mettant l’accent sur les modifications du paysage électoral qui en résultent. L’analyse des évolutions prend essentiellement pour point de comparaison les élections fédérales ou les élections européennes du 25 mai 2014. Pour la Chambre des représentants, sont analysés le comportement électoral (en ce compris l’absentéisme et les votes non valables), les résultats à l’échelle de l’ensemble du pays et dans les différentes régions, les scores et l’implantation électorale des partis politiques, et la nouvelle composition de l’assemblée. Pour le Sénat, sont abordées la désignation des sénateurs émanant des entités fédérées et celle des sénateurs cooptés. Pour l’élection de la représentation belge au Parlement européen, le plan est semblable à celui suivi pour la Chambre. L’exposé est soutenu par une vingtaine de cartes. Celles-ci permettent notamment de visualiser, canton par canton, les scores électoraux qu’ont obtenus, en 2014 et en 2019, les différentes listes actuellement représentées au Parlement fédéral

324 --- 337.9 UE --- 314.1 Verkiezingen --- Belgique --- résultat électoral --- élection nationale --- élection européenne --- европски избори --- elezzjoni Ewropea --- Eiropas vēlēšanas --- европейски избори --- eleição europeia --- elecciones europeas --- Europese verkiezing --- elezioni europee --- európske voľby --- europäische Wahl --- európai választás --- Euroopan parlamentin vaalit --- europski izbori --- Europos Parlamento rinkimai --- val till Europaparlamentet --- zgjedhje europiane --- evropske volitve --- wybory europejskie --- valg til Europa-Parlamentet --- ευρωπαϊκές εκλογές --- Euroopa Parlamendi valimised --- alegeri europene --- evropské volby --- toghchán Eorpach --- European election --- Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament --- избори за Европскиот парламент --- volby do Evropského parlamentu --- ευρωεκλογές --- európai parlamenti választás --- Europawahl --- alegeri naționale --- elezioni nazionali --- zgjedhje kombëtare --- εθνικές εκλογές --- nacionalne volitve --- nationalt valg --- избори на националном нивоу --- national election --- nationale Wahl --- nationellt val --- nemzeti választás --- landelijke verkiezing --- национални избори --- eleição nacional --- elecciones nacionales --- riiklikud valimised --- všeobecné volby --- celoštátne voľby --- elezzjoni nazzjonali --- nacionalni izbori --- šalies rinkimai --- valtiolliset vaalit --- toghchán náisiúnta --- valsts vēlēšanas --- wybory krajowe --- избори на државно ниво --- nacionaliniai rinkimai --- γενικές εκλογές --- општи избори --- almindelige valg --- allmänna val --- algemene verkiezingen --- elezioni generali --- üldvalimised --- izbori na državnoj razini --- vispārējas vēlēšanas --- általános választás --- landsdækkende valg --- élections générales --- zgjedhje të përgjithshme --- všeobecné voľby --- bendrieji rinkimai --- general election --- eleições gerais --- celostátní volby --- alegeri generale --- rezultate alegeri --- volební výsledky --- risultato elettorale --- verkiezingsuitslag --- választási eredmény --- izborni rezultat --- toradh toghcháin --- resultado electoral --- volebné výsledky --- volilni izid --- резултати от избори --- εκλογικό αποτέλεσμα --- valimistulemused --- riżultat tal-elezzjoni --- изборен резултат --- rezultat i zgjedhjeve --- vaalitulos --- Wahlergebnis --- valgresultat --- резултат избора --- valresultat --- wyniki wyborów --- vēlēšanu rezultāts --- election result --- rinkimų rezultatai --- resultado eleitoral --- Wahlresultat --- изборна победа --- esito delle votazioni --- výsledky voleb --- Belgium --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- België --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- verkiezingen - volksreferenda - verkiezingsstrijd (zie ook 342.8) --- Union Européenne - UE --- Internal politics --- European Union

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When and how do states intervene in elections in other countries? Foreign interveners may aim to further the process of clean elections, or they may support the campaign of a candidate they like. It could also be in their best interest to do both at the same time. Bubeck and Marinov systematically analyze various scenarios using a dataset covering more than three hundred elections in over a hundred countries. They show both theoretically and empirically that states with a liberal mission, such as the United States, combine promoting democracy with helping their political allies win office. Political divisions invite foreign interventions, and foreign interference, in turn, makes targeted societies more polarized along political lines. Whilst the authors argue that foreign interventions do not always harm democracy and may even help the cause of free elections, they also show how elections can turn into proxy wars, in which powerful states compete against each other, through their local allies.

Elections --- Democracy. --- International relations. --- International relations --- national election --- democracy --- State --- corruption --- éilliú --- korupce --- lahjonta --- corupție --- corruzione --- korruption --- korrupció --- korrupsion --- корупция --- korupcija --- Korruption --- korupcja --- корупција --- korruzzjoni --- δωροδοκία --- corruptie --- corrupción --- korruptsioon --- korupcia --- corrupção --- corruttela --- mito --- papirkinėjimas --- примање поткуп --- давање поткуп --- ветување незаслужена имотна корист --- vesztegetés --- podmićivanje --- поткуп --- éillitheacht --- tráfico de influencias --- interešu konflikta situācija --- nelikumīgs ietekmējams stāvoklis --- befolyással üzérkedés --- delito de prevaricación --- úplatkářství --- Stat --- държава --- állam --- štát --- држава --- κράτος --- Staat --- staat --- Shtet --- država --- riik --- État --- Estado --- valsts --- valtio --- Stato --- valstybė --- stát --- stat --- państwo --- земја --- nation --- κυρίαρχο κράτος --- ανεξάρτητο κράτος --- nação --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- démocratie --- demokratija --- democrație --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- alegeri naționale --- elezioni nazionali --- zgjedhje kombëtare --- εθνικές εκλογές --- nacionalne volitve --- nationalt valg --- избори на националном нивоу --- nationale Wahl --- nationellt val --- nemzeti választás --- landelijke verkiezing --- национални избори --- eleição nacional --- elecciones nacionales --- riiklikud valimised --- všeobecné volby --- celoštátne voľby --- elezzjoni nazzjonali --- nacionalni izbori --- šalies rinkimai --- valtiolliset vaalit --- élection nationale --- valsts vēlēšanas --- wybory krajowe --- избори на државно ниво --- nacionaliniai rinkimai --- γενικές εκλογές --- општи избори --- almindelige valg --- allmänna val --- algemene verkiezingen --- elezioni generali --- üldvalimised --- izbori na državnoj razini --- vispārējas vēlēšanas --- általános választás --- landsdækkende valg --- élections générales --- zgjedhje të përgjithshme --- všeobecné voľby --- bendrieji rinkimai --- general election --- eleições gerais --- celostátní volby --- alegeri generale --- mednarodni odnosi --- rahvusvahelised suhted --- tarptautiniai santykiai --- internationella förbindelser --- mezinárodní vztahy --- nemzetközi kapcsolatok --- меѓународни односи --- marrëdhënie ndërkombëtare --- kansainväliset suhteet --- relazioni internazionali --- међународни односи --- relazzjonijiet internazzjonali --- международни отношения --- relación internacional --- relation internationale --- starptautiskās attiecības --- internationale relationer --- internationale betrekking --- internationale Beziehungen --- διεθνείς σχέσεις --- stosunki międzynarodowe --- medzinárodné vzťahy --- relações internacionais --- relații internaționale --- međunarodni odnosi --- internacionální styky --- államközi kapcsolatok --- internationale forbindelser --- starptautiski sakari --- mezinárodní styky --- zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen --- internationale anliggender --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Election fraud --- Election law --- Corrupt practices. --- Criminal provisions