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Afghan War, 2001-. --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009. --- War victims

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"Under the Nazi regime a secret program of 'euthanasia' was undertaken against the sick and disabled. Known as the Krankenmorde (the murder of the sick) 300,000 people were killed. A further 400,000 were sterilised against their will. Many complicit doctors, nurses, soldiers and bureaucrats would then perpetrate the Holocaust. From eyewitness accounts, records and case files, The First into the Dark narrates a history of the victims, perpetrators, opponents to and witnesses of the Krankenmorde, and reveals deeper implications for contemporary society: moral values and ethical challenges in end of life decisions, reproduction and contemporary genetics, disability and human rights, and in remembrance and atonement for the past."--Publisher's website.

War victims. --- National socialism. --- Mentally ill --- Euthanasia --- Psychiatric ethics --- People with disabilities --- History --- Nazi persecution.

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"International humanitarian law (IHL) protects persons and property affected by armed conflicts. Focusing on the controversies that impact IHL in practice, [the author] discusses when IHL applies, its substantive rules, how to ensure its respect and whether the traditional distinction between international and non-international armed conflicts remains relevant. [The author] draws on a depth of practical experience to provide invaluable insight and comprehensive guidance on the rules protecting certain categories of persons (for example, civilians, wounded, etc.) during conflict and the rules governing different types of conduct (or example, occupation, naval warfare, etc.). The book examines how these rules interact with other branches of international law, such as human rights and international criminal law, and how the rules are applied to non-State armed groups. Cross-cutting issues, including terrorism, autonomous weapons, cyber warfare, gender and cultural heritage, are also addressed, providing readers with a well-rounded view of IHL and associated concerns."

Humanitarian law. --- War victims --- International law and human rights. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Humanitarian law --- International law and human rights --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Droit international humanitaire --- War victims - Legal status, laws, etc

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During an armed conflict and in its aftermath, measures must be undertaken in order to ascertain the fate of the missing and to address the emotional distress of families from the lack of news on their relatives. In the same contextual settings, cases of missing persons may involve criminal accountability, thereby triggering actions directed to answer questions like `who is responsible?' and `what are the circumstances of the crime?'. These courses of action respond to two different needs, i.e., the need of families to know the fate and whereabouts of their missing relatives, and the societal and individual need for accountability. The book examines how the international legal framework meets these two distinct, but intertwined, needs. It captures the diversity of international rules concerning the issue of persons reported missing in armed conflict, as well as the complexity of their implementation in the transition from an armed conflict to peace. The book shows that the duty to account for missing persons has a temporal cross-cutting nature, since its implementation requires measures before, during, and after an armed conflict. Dealing with the issue of the missing across phases - i.e., durante bello and post bellum - entails a complex interplay of international norms. Affirming the relevance of the dialectic between International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) in the transition from conflict to peace, the book analyzes the simultaneous application of IHL and IHRL rules on missing persons in post-conflict and proposes a set of criteria that should govern their interplay. Measures that respond to the right of families to know the fate of their relatives cannot substitute those that are required to establish responsibility for IHL/IHRL violations and international crimes, and vice-versa. Examining specific examples, the book unveils the role that international law plays in the attempts of the international community to articulate humanitarian and accountability-driven efforts vis-à-vis post-conflict daims for information on the missing. In light of this analysis, the book explores the legal and policy aspects of how to build linkages between such efforts.

Personnes disparues (droit international). --- Disappeared persons (International law) --- Personnes disparues (droit international) --- War victims --- Victimes de guerre --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Droit --- Missing persons (International law) --- Missing persons --- Missing persons - Legal status, laws, etc

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Modern democracies face tough life-and-death choices in armed conflicts. Chief among them is how to weigh the value of soldiers' lives against those of civilians on both sides. The first of its kind, Whose Life Is Worth More? reveals that how these decisions are made is much more nuanced than conventional wisdom suggests. When these states are entangled in prolonged conflicts, hierarchies emerge and evolve to weigh the value of human life.Yagil Levy delves into a wealth of contemporary conflicts, including the drone war in Pakistan, the Kosovo war, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the US and UK wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Cultural narratives about the nature and necessity of war, public rhetoric about external threats facing the nation, antiwar movements, and democratic values all contribute to the perceived validity of civilian and soldier deaths. By looking beyond the military to the cultural and political factors that shape policies, this book provides tools to understand how democracies really decide whose life is worth more.

Casualty aversion (Military science) --- War casualties --- Military policy. --- Defense policy --- Military readiness --- Military history --- Sociology, Military --- War --- National security --- Casualties, War --- War victims --- War wounds --- Aversion, Casualty (Military science) --- Bloodless warfare --- Strategy --- Government policy. --- Political aspects --- Casualties --- Casualties (Statistics, etc.) --- body count. --- casualty sensitivity. --- collateral killing. --- force protection. --- legitimacy of sacrificing. --- legitimacy of using force. --- risk taking. --- risk transfer.