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"One summer day in Stockholm in 1747, the carpenter's daughter Lena Cajsa Bohman faces trial for disobedience to her father. Soon, she admits to more serious crimes. A tangle of trafficking of young women is revealed. It develops into a story of power and greed, of secret networks and trade with young women. The protocols reflects women's circumstances in a time when all extra-marital sexuality was forbidden and the word prostitution was not used.In 18th century Stockholm, no distinction was made between prostitution and extramarital sexuality. All sexual intercourse outside of marriage was illegal for both women and men. Through the combination of a variety of material sources, from trial protocols to memoirs and hateful whore poems, we get a versatile picture of the commercial sexuality. The testimony of mamsell Bohman tells about how the trade was organized, who the profiteers, the women and the buying men were, where the trade took place and how women who provided sex för money were looked upon.The overall aim is to investigate how the whore stigma remains over centuries. The stigma is extremely adaptable and constantly accommodates to new cultural and social contexts, laws, values and established truths. It is intertwined with dominant notions of good and evil, of honor and contempt. During the 18th century, the whore stigma was not yet linked to payment for sex. It could affect all women, but was crossed by other hierarchical social orders. Despite a rigid legal stance and a strong social control, the boundaries were more permeable than they would later become. There was a striking discrepancy between law, jurisprudence and the verdict of the mob in 18th century Stockholm - a city where the bourgeois daughter Lena Cajsa was able to admit to relations with the notorious Lovisa von Plat and a number of illegitimate sexual relations, but escape punishment and marry into nobility."

Stockholm --- Stigma --- Sexuality --- Urbanity --- Prostitution --- 18th century

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Creative Spaces: Urban Culture and Marginality is an interdisciplinary exploration of the different ways in which marginal urban spaces have become privileged locations for creativity in Latin America. The essays within the collection reassess dominant theoretical notions of ‘marginality’ in the region and argue that, in contemporary society, it invariably allows for (if not leads to) the production of the new. While Latin American cities have, since their foundation, always included marginal spaces (due, for example, to the segregation of indigenous groups), the massive expansion of informal housing constructed on occupied land in the second half of the twentieth century have brought them into the collective imaginary like never before. Originally viewed as spaces of deprivation, violence, and dangerous alterity, the urban margins were later romanticized as spaces of opportunity and popular empowerment. Instead, this volume analyses the production of new art forms, political organizations and subjectivities emerging from the urban margins in Latin America, neither condemning nor idealizing the effects they produce.

Cities and towns --- Sociology, Urban --- liminality --- marginality --- diaspora --- migration --- urbanity --- population --- liminality --- marginality --- diaspora --- migration --- urbanity --- population

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Creative Spaces: Urban Culture and Marginality is an interdisciplinary exploration of the different ways in which marginal urban spaces have become privileged locations for creativity in Latin America. The essays within the collection reassess dominant theoretical notions of ‘marginality’ in the region and argue that, in contemporary society, it invariably allows for (if not leads to) the production of the new. While Latin American cities have, since their foundation, always included marginal spaces (due, for example, to the segregation of indigenous groups), the massive expansion of informal housing constructed on occupied land in the second half of the twentieth century have brought them into the collective imaginary like never before. Originally viewed as spaces of deprivation, violence, and dangerous alterity, the urban margins were later romanticized as spaces of opportunity and popular empowerment. Instead, this volume analyses the production of new art forms, political organizations and subjectivities emerging from the urban margins in Latin America, neither condemning nor idealizing the effects they produce.

Cities and towns --- Sociology, Urban --- liminality --- marginality --- diaspora --- migration --- urbanity --- population

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Ce mémoire s’intéresse à 4 établissements d’enseignement fondamental ordinaire contrastés de la ville de Liège, investie au coup par coup par les enseignants dans leurs pratiques éducatives. À l’aide de la notion de système de pertinence d’Alfred Schütz, sont dégagées les motivations poussant les enseignants rencontrés à mettre en place telle ou telle activité, ou au contraire à ne pas s’engager dans des activités centrées sur la ville et le milieu urbain. Cette analyse permet de mettre en lumière des ressources et logiques éducatives différentes au sein des 4 équipes rencontrées et de soulever la question de la place de l’école dans l’urbanité en mentionnant également le fait que le curriculum formel ne prend pas en compte l’éducation de l’enfant à la ville.

school --- city --- urbanity --- sociability --- teacher --- child --- école --- urbanité --- socialisation urbaine --- enseignant --- enfant --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Sociologie & sciences sociales

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Numerous studies indicate an accelerated growth of forest trees, induced by ongoing climate change. Similar trends were recently found for urban trees in major cities worldwide. Studies frequently report about substantial effects of climate change and the urban heat island effect (UHI) on plant growth. The combined effects of increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extended growing season lengths, in addition to increasing nitrogen deposition and higher CO2 concentrations, can increase but also reduce plant growth. Closely related to this, the multiple functions and services provided by urban trees may be modified. Urban trees generate numerous ecosystem services, including carbon storage, mitigation of the heat island effect, reduction of rainwater runoff, pollutant filtering, recreation effects, shading, and cooling. The quantity of the ecosystem services is often closely associated with the species, structure, age, and size of the tree as well as with a tree’s vitality. Therefore, greening cities, and particularly planting trees, seems to be an effective option to mitigate climate change and the UHI. The focus of this Special Issue is to underline the importance of trees as part of the urban green areas for major cities in all climate zones. Empirical as well as modeling studies of urban tree growth and their services and disservices in cities worldwide are included. Articles about the dynamics, structures, and functions of urban trees as well as the influence of climate and climate change on urban tree growth, urban species composition, carbon storage, and biodiversity are also discussed.

green spaces --- urban heat island --- Landsat TM --- human health --- root:shoot ratio --- choice experiment --- urban trees --- BVOC emission --- climate change --- urbanity --- urbanization --- sustainability --- drought stress --- ecosystem disservices --- tree growth --- Greenway --- oxides --- hot arid urban climate --- carbon sequestration --- abundance --- landscape planning --- bud break --- urban microclimate --- tree competition --- urban forest --- allergenic potential --- sampling plots --- climate change implications --- ecosystem modeling --- preferences --- urban parks --- basal area --- urban tree growth --- air pollution removal --- environmental quality --- species richness --- surface temperature --- drought --- growing season --- air pollution --- ecosystem services --- biomass allocation